Symposium on the Pathogenetic Mechanisms in Nephritis

Kidney International (1989) 35, 969–975; doi:10.1038/ki.1989.80

Effects of cytokines on vascular endothelium: Their role in vascular and immune injury

Ramzi S Cotran1 and Jordan S Pober1

1Departments of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Correspondence: Ramzi S Cotran MD, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

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Abstract

In its unique position at the interface between blood and tissues, vascular endothelium participates in critical homeostatic functions, including the regulation of transcapillary permeability, the maintenance of a non-thrombogenic surface, the modulation of vascular tone and reactivity, the control of proliferation of vascular hematopoietic cells, and the modulation of immune function [1, 2]. Recent studies have also shown that endothelial cells play active roles in all phases of immunologic and nonimmunologic inflammation, and that in these roles they serve not only as targets which undergo cell injury, but respond by exhibiting specific alterations in their normal constitutive properties, or by acquiring new functions [3, 4]. Much of the new information regarding endothelial function in inflammation has come from studies of the effect of cytokines on endothelial cells in culture. Although few of these studies have been performed on renal endothelium, which has been difficult to culture, there is no a priori reason why the cytokine-induced effects are not relevant to the kidney. In this paper, we will review the effects of well characterized cytokines on endothelial cells in vitro, examine the role of endothelial activation in several clinical settings in vivo, and emphasize those reactions that may be particularly relevant to renal injury.

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