Laboratory Investigation

Kidney International (1983) 23, 807–815; doi:10.1038/ki.1983.99

Mediation of proteinuria in membranous nephropathy due to a planted glomerular antigen

Stephen Adler, David J Salant, John E Dittmer, Helmut G Rennke, Michael P Madaio and William G Couser

The Evans Memorial Department of Clinical Research and the Departments of Medicine and Anatomy, Boston University Medical Center, and the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Correspondence: Dr D J Salant, Division of Medicine, Renal Section, Boston University Medical Center, 80 East Concord Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA

Received 2 July 1982; Revised 11 October 1982.

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Abstract

Mediation of proteinuria in membranous nephropathy due to a planted glomerular antigen. In experimental membranous nephropathy in rats (passive Heymann nephritis) subepithelial immune deposits result from in situ reaction of heterologous (sheep) antibody against rat proximal tubular brushborder antigen (Fx1A) with an endogenous glomerular antigen. We have previously shown that the proteinuria which results is complement-dependent but neutrophil-independent. To investigate the mediation of glomerular injury induced when subepithelial deposits result from antibody binding to an exogenous antigen planted in the glomerulus, rats were injected with subnephritogenic doses of noncomplement fixing sheep gamma2 anti-rat Fx1A IgG which produced subepithelial deposits of sheep IgG without morphologic or functional evidence of glomerular injury. When kidneys from these donor rats were transplanted into bilaterally nephrectomized recipients preimmunized with sheep IgG, the deposits of sheep IgG served as a planted antigen to initiate subepithelial immune complex formation and proteinuria. Five days after transplantation, recipients of antigen-containing kidneys had subepithelial deposits of sheep IgG, rat IgG, rat C3, and proteinuria. Proteinuria did not occur at 5 days in recipients of antigen-containing kidneys that were immunosuppressed by sublethal irradiation or complement-depleted with cobra venom factor (CVF); recipients of normal rat kidneys were not proteinuric. When recipients of antigen-containing kidneys were passively immunized with rat anti-sheep IgG, proteinuria at 2 days was not affected by either selective neutrophil depletion or pancytopenia induced by lethal irradiation. Proteinuria was also complement-dependent in intact rats in which in situ subepithelial immune complex formation was induced in 7 to 8 days by preimimunization with sheep IgG followed by injection of gamma2 sheep anti-rat Fx1A. These results demonstrate that glomerular injury in experimental membranous nephropathy in rats is complement-dependent but cell-independent when deposit formation is initiated by antibody reacting with an exogenous sheep IgG antigen planted in the glomerulus as well as with an endogenous glomerular antigen. They suggest that this new mechanism of glomerular injury may be relevant to all forms of membranous nephropathy.

Médiation de la protéinurie dans la néphropathie extra-membraneuse par un antigène glomérulaire implanté. Dans la néphropathie extramembraneuse expérimentale chez le rat (néphrite passive de Heymann), les dépôts immuns sous épithéliaux résultent de la réaction in situ d'anticorps hétérologues (mouton) contre un antigène de bordure en brosse tubulaire proximale de rat (Fx1A) avec un antigène glomérulaire endogène. Nous avons montré préalablement que la protéinurie qui en résulte est dépendante du complément mais indépendante des neutrophiles. Afin d'étudier la médiation de la lésion glomérulaire induite lorsque les dépôts sous épithéliaux résultent de la liaison d'un anticorps à un antigène exogène implanté dans le glomérule, des rats ont reçu des injections de doses infranéphritogènes d'IgG gamma2 de mouton ne fixant pas le complément anti Fx1A de rat, qui produisaient des dépôts sous épithéliaux d'IgG de mouton sans preuve morphologique ni fonctionnelle d'atteinte glomérulaire. Lorsque les reins de ces rats donneurs étaient transplantés à des receveurs binéphrectomisés préimmunisés avec de l'IgG de mouton, les dépôts d'IgG de mouton étaient utilisés comme un antigène implanté pour initier la formation d'immuns complexes sous épithéliaux et la protéinurie. Cinq jours après la transplantation, les receveurs de reins contenant de l'antigène avaient des dépôts sous épithéliaux d'IgG de mouton, d'IgG de rat, de C 3 de rat, et une protéinurie. La protéinurie ne survenait pas au bout de 5 jours chez les receveurs de reins contenant de l'antigène, immunosupprimés par irradiations subléthales ou déplétés en complément par du facteur de venin de cobra (CVF); les receveurs de reins de rat normal n'étaient pas protéinuriques. Lorsque les receveurs de reins contenant de l'antigène étaient immunisés passivement avec de l'IgG de rat antiomouton, la protéinurie au 2 jours n'était pas affectée par la déplétion sélective en neutrophiles. La protéinurie était également dépendante du complément chez des rats intacts chez qui la formation in situ de complexes immuns sous épithéliaux était induite en 7 á 8 jours par immunisation préalable avec de l'IgG de mouton suivie par une injection de gamma2 de mouton anti-rat Fx1A. Ces résultats démontrent que la lésion glomérulaire dans la néphropathie extramembraneuse expérimentale chez le rat est dépendante du complément mais indépendante des cellules lorsque la formation de dépôts est initiée par un anticorps réagissant avec un antigène IgG exogène de mouton implanté dans le glomérule, et par un antigène glomérulaire endogène. Ils suggèrent que ce nouveau mécanisme de lésion glomérulaire pourrait avoir une signification dans toutes les formes de néphropathie extramembraneuse.

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