Kidney International (1982) 21, 28–35; doi:10.1038/ki.1982.5
Ultrafiltration coefficient and glomerular capillary resistance in a model of immune complex glomerulonephritis
Virginia J Savin, Herbert B Lindsley, Raymond B Nagle and Richard Cachia
Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, and Department of Pathology, University of Arizona Health Science Center, Tucson, Arizona
Correspondence: Dr V J Savin, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas, College of Health Sciences and Hospital, 39th and Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, Kansas 66103, USA
Received 25 November 1980; Revised 11 June 1981.
Top of pageAbstract
Ultrafiltration coefficient and glomerular capillary resistance in a model of immune complex glomerulonephritis. Decreased ultrafiltration coefficient, LpA or Kf, was documented previously in micropuncture studies of glomerulonephritis in rats. Observations were made immediately following an injection of antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody, later in the course of glomerulonephritis, and during the chronic phase of Heymann nephritis. To gain further insight into the basis of reduced glomerular filtration rate in immune-complex glomerulonephritis, we studied the anatomic, physiologic, and rheologic properties of isolated glomeruli from female Buffalo rats with nephritis which developed during infection with Trypanosoma rhodesiense. Immune-complex mediated glomerulonephritis was present 2 weeks after inoculation and progressed throughout the 4 weeks of study. Renal insufficiency occurred, with serum creatinine concentrations rising to 5 to 10 times control values by week 4. Mesangial hypercellularity, mesangial electron dense deposits, and endothelial cell swelling were observed. Increased numbers of mononuclear cells were present within the glomerulus. Total glomerular water volume was greater in nephritic than in normal animals. Increased cell volume accounted for most of the volume increment. When filtration into the capillaries was induced in vitro by imposing an oncotic gradient of 6.5 mm Hg or greater across the capillary wall, rapid and uniform erythrocyte movement occurred within the capillaries of control glomeruli and erythrocytes were ejected into the medium. In contrast, a transcapillary gradient of 30 to 40 mm Hg was required to produce erythrocyte movement in glomeruli from nephritic animals studied 4 weeks after inoculation. The ultrafiltration coefficient of nephritic glomeruli was estimated in vitro and was not different from that of control glomeruli (5.81
0.35 vs. 6.21
0.49 nl/min mm Hg). An impairment of capillary perfusion may be responsible for the decreased rate of glomerular filtration observed in this model of glomerulonephritis.
Evaluation in vitro du coefficient d'ultrafiltration et de la résistance capillaire glomérulaire dans un modèle de glomérulonéphrite des comples immuns. La diminution du coefficient d'ultrafiltration, LpA ou Kf, a été établie précédement au cours de travaux utilisant les microponctions chez des rats atteints de glomérulonéphrite, immédiatement après l'injection d'anti-corps anti-membrane basale glomérulaire (anti-GBM) et, ultérieurement, au cours de l'évolution de glomérulonéphrite et durant la phase chronique de la néphrite de Heymann. Afin d'obtenir plus d'informations sur les fondements de la diminution du débit de filtration glomérulaire au cours de la néphrite des complexes immuns, nous avons étudié les propriétés anatomiques, physiologiques, et biologiques des glomérules isolés de rats femelles de la souche Buffalo atteints de néphrite développée au cours de l'infection par Trypanosoma rhodesiense. Une glomérulonéphrite des complexes immuns existait deux semaines après l'inoculation et évoluait pendant les 4 semaines de l'étude. Il existait une insuffisance rénale et la créatinine sérique atteignait des valeurs 5 à 10 fois plus grandes que les contrôles à la 4 semaine. L'hypercellularité mésangiale, sous la forme de dépôts denses mésangiaux en microscopie électronique, et le gonflement des cellules endothéliales ont été observés. Le nombre des cellules mononucléés du glomérule était augmenté. Le volume total d'eau du glomérule était plus grand chez les animaux atteints de néphrite que chez les contrôles. L'augmentation du volume cellulaire rendait compte de la plus grande partie de l'augmentation de volume. Quand la filtration dans les capillaires a été declenchée par l'imposition d'un gradient oncotique de 6,5 mm Hg ou plus à travers la paroi capillaire, un mouvement rapide et uniforme des érythrocytes est apparu et les érythrocytes ont été éjectés dans le milieu. Par contre, pour les glomérules provenant d'animaux néphritiques, étudiés quatre semaines après l'inoculation, un gradient de 30 à 40 mm Hg était nécessaire pour produire un mouvement des érythrocytes. Le coefficient d'ultrafiltration des glomérules d'animaux néphritiques a été évalué in vitro et n'est pas différent de celui des animaux contrôles (5,81
0,35 vs. 6,21
0,49 nl/min mm Hg). L'altération de la perfusion capillaire est responsable de la diminution du débit de filtration glomérulaire observée dans ce modèle de glomérulonéphrite.
Top of pageReferences
- Schainuck LI, Striker GE, Cutler RE, Benditt EP: Structural-functional correlations in renal diseases: Part II. The correlations. Hum Pathol 1:631–641, 1970 | Article | PubMed | ChemPort |
- Maddox DA, Bennett CM, Deen WM, Glassock RJ, Knutson D, Daugharty TM, Brenner BM: Determinants of glomerular filtration in experimental glomerulonephritis in the rat. J Clin Invest 55:305–318, 1975 | PubMed |
- Allison MEM, Wilson CB, Gottschalk CW: Pathophysiology of experimental glomerulonephritis in rats. J Clin Invest 53:1402–1423, 1974 | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Blantz RC, Wilson CB: Acute effects of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody on the process of glomerular filtration in the rat. J Clin Invest 58:899–911, 1976 | PubMed |
- Glassock RJ, Bennett CM: The glomerulopathies, in The Kidney, edited by Brenner BM, Rector FC, W. P. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1976, pp. 941–1078
- Savin VJ, Terreros D: A study of filtration in single isolated mammalian glomeruli. In press, Kidney Int
- Lindsley HB, Nagle RB, Stechschulte DJ: Proliferative glomerulonephritis, hypocomplementemia, and nucleic acid antibodies in rats infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense. Am J Trop Med Hyg 27(5):864–872, 1978
- Lindsley HB, Nagle RB, Werner PA, Stechschulte DJ: Variable severity of glomerulonephritis in inbred rats infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense. Am J Trop Med Hyg 29(3):348–357, 1980
- Landis EM, Pappenheimer JR: Exchange of substances through the capillary walls in Chapter 29, in Handbook of Physiology, edited by Hamilton DP, Washington, D.C., American Physiology Society, 1963, vol. 2, Section 2, Circulation, pp. 961–1034
- Digeon M, Laver M, Riza J, Bach JF: Detection of circulating immune complexes in human sera by simplified assays with polyethylene glycol. J Immunol Methods 16:165–183, 1977 | Article | PubMed | ChemPort |
- Voller A, Bidwell D, Bartlett A: A serological study on human Trypanosoma rhodesiense infections using a microscale, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tropenmed Parasitol 26:247–251, 1975
- Walls KW, Bullock SL, Palmer DF: Procedural Guide for EIA Microtitration Test, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, 1977
- Faca CA, Molland EA, Gray AB, Jenkins GC: Trypanosoma brucei: Renal pathology in rabbits. Exp Parasitology 44:249–261, 1978
- Nagle RB, Lindsley HB, Doug S, Guillot JM: Experimental glomerulonephritis induced by T. rhodesiense. Lab Invest 42:139–140, 1980
- Blantz RC, Tucker BJ, Wilson CB: The acute effects of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody upon glomerular filtration in the rat. J Clin Invest 61:910–921, 1978
- Rocha A, Marcondes M, Malnic G: Micropuncture study in rats with experimental glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 3:14–23, 1973 | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Schor N, Brenner BM: Mechanism of intermittent glomerular perfusion in the rat, in Transactions of the Assoc. of American Physicians, Collingdale, William C. Dornan, Inc. 43:212–217, 1980
- Blantz RC, Konnen KS, Tucker BJ: Angiotensin II effects upon the glomerular microcirculation and ultrafiltration coefficient in the rat. J Clin Invest 57:419–434, 1976 | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Ichikawa I, Humes HD, Dousa TP, Brenner BM: Influence of parathyroid hormone on glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat. Am J Physiol 234:F393–F401, 1978 | PubMed |
- Ichikawa I, Brenner BM: Mechanisms of action of histamine and histamine antagonists on the glomerular microcirculation in the rat. Circ Res 45:737–745, 1979
- Avasthi PS, Evan AP: Glomerular permeability in aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats. A proposed role of endothelial cells. J Lab Clin Med 93:266, 1979
- Avasthi PS, Evan AP, Hay D: Glomerular endothelial cells in uranyl-nitrite-induced acute renal failure in rats. J Clin Invest 65:121–127, 1980 | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |