Kidney International (1981) 20, 188–197; doi:10.1038/ki.1981.121
Filtration in single isolated mammalian glomeruli
Virginia J Savin1 and Daniel A Terreros1
1Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas
Correspondence: Dr V J Savin, Department of Medicine University of Kansas Medical Center, 39th and Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, Kansas 66103, USA
Received 31 July 1980; Revised 11 November 1980.
Top of pageAbstract
Filtration in single isolated mammalian glomeruli. We describe a new method for the study of ultrafiltration in single isolated glomeruli in vitro. Glomeruli without capsules were isolated by a sieving technique at room temperature in isotonic medium containing 4 to 6 g of bovine albumin per deciliter. The geometric volume of the glomeruli was reflected in the exchangeable tritiated water space; 70 to 75% of the water space was extracellular, most being intracapillary. When the protein concentration of the bath surrounding a single glomerulus was suddenly reduced, fluid entered the glomerular capillaries osmotically and they swelled. Subsequently, erythrocytes flowed out ofthe broken ends ofthe arterioles at the hilum. Individual erythrocytes could also be observed to move within capillary lumens. The rate of filtration of fluid into the capillary lumens was determined from optical measurements of total glomerular volume following a change in protein concentration of the external bathing medium. The filtration coefficient, Kf, was estimated from the initial slope of the relation between volume and time. The Kf values for dogs, mature rabbits, immature rabbits, Buffalo rats, and Munich-Wistar rats were 17.03
0.73, 5.57
0.47, 3.70
0.23, 5.97
0.36, and 6.79
(SEM) 0.41 nl/min/mm Hg, respectively. The estimated Kf values and the size of the glomeruli were proportional among species. These studies show that the hydraulic conductivity of the capillary walls and the hydrodynamic properties ofthe capillary lumens can be determined in single isolated glomeruli. We suggest that this method may be applied to the study of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes in glomeruli of several species including man.
La filtration dans des glomérules uniques isolés de mammifères. Une novelle méthode est décrite pour l'étude de l'ultrafiltration dans des glomérules isolés in vitro. Des glomérules ont été isolés par une techinque d'écrémage à température ambiante dans un milieu isotonique contenant 4 à 6 g/dl d'albumine bovine. Le volume du glomérule était reflété par l'espace de diffusion de 3H2O échangeable; 70 à 75% de l'espace de diffusion de l'eau était extracellulaire, la plus grande partie étant intracapillaire. Quand la concentration de protéines du bain entourant un glomérule unique est diminuée brusquement, de l'eau pénètre osmotiquement dans les capillaires glomérulaires qui gonflent. Puis les érythrocytes s'écoulent par les extrémités rompues des artérioles du hile. On peut observer le mouvement de certains érythrocytes à l'intérieur des lumières capillaires. Le débit de filtration du liquide dans les lumières capillaires a été déterminé à partir de mesures optiques des volumes glomérulaires après une modification de la concentration de protéines dans le milieu externe. Le coefficient de filtration, Kf, a été calculé à partir de la pente initiale de la relation entre le volume et le temps. Les valeurs de Kf pour les chiens, les lapins adultes, les lapins non adultes, les rats Buffalo et les rats Munich-Wistar étaient respectivement de 17,03
0,73, 5,57
0,47, 3,70
0,23, 5,97
0,36 et 6,79
(SEM) 0,41 nl/min/mm Hg. Les valeurs de Kf estimées et la taille des glomérules étaient proportionnelles parmi ces espèces. Ces études montrent que la conductivité hydraulique des parois capillaires et les propriétés hydrodynamiques des lumières capillaires peuvent être déterminées dans un glomérule unique isolé. Nous suggérons que cette méthode peut être appliquée à l'étude de processus physiologiques et physio-pathologiques dans des glomérules de diverses espèces, parmi lesquelles l'homme.
Top of pageReferences
- Deen WM, Robertson R, Brenner BM: A model of glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat. Am J Physiol 223:1178–1183, 1972 | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Blantz RC: Dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat. Fed Proc 36:2602–2608, 1977
- Knox FG: Glomerular permeability and dynamics. Physiologist 22:34–38, 1979
- Renkin EM, Gilmore JP: Glomerular Filtration, chapter 9 in Handbook of Physiology, Section 8: Renal Physiology, edited by Orloff J, Berliner RW, Washington D.C., Am Physiol Soc, 1973, pp. 185–248
- Eggleton MG, Pappenheimer JR, Winton FR: The relation between ureter, venous and arterial pressures in the isolated kidney of the dog. J Physiol (Lond) 99:135–152, 1940
- Farquhar MG, Wissig SL, Palade GI: Glomerular permeability: I. Ferritin transfer across the normal glomerulus. J Exp Med 173:47–66, 1961
- Venkatachalam MA, Rennke HG: The structural and molecular basis of glomerular filtration. Circ Res 43:337–347, 1978
- Brenner BM, Troy JL, Daugharty TM: The dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat. J Clin Invest 50:1776–1780, 1971 | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Tucker BJ, Blantz RC: An analysis of the determinants of nephron filtration rate. Am J Physiol 232:F477–483, 1977 | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Ott CE, Marchard GR, Diaz-Buxo JA, Knox FG: Determinants of glomerular filtration rate in the dog. Am J Physiol 231:235–239, 1976
- Navar LG, Bell PD, White RW, Watts RL, Williams RH: Evaluation of the single nephron glomerular filtration coefficient in the dog. Kidney Int 12:137–149, 1977
- Chang RLS: A model to study the dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration along glomerular capillary permselectivity characteristics. Microvasc Res 16:141–150, 1978
- Brenner BM, Troy JL, Daugharty TM: Dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration in the rat: II. Plasma flow dependence of GFR. Am J Physiol 223:1184, 1972 | PubMed | ISI | ChemPort |
- Deen WM, Satvat B, Jamieson JM: Theoretical model for glomerular filtration of charged solutes. Am J Physiol 238:F126–139, 1980
- Marshal EA, Trowbridge EA: A mathematical model of the ultrafiltration process in a single glomerular capillary. J Theor Biol 48:389–411, 1974
- Murphy ME, Johnson PC: Possible contribution of basement membrane to the structural rigidity of blood capillaries. Microvasc Res 9:242–245, 1975
- Shea SM: Glomerular hemodynamics and vascular structure. Microvasc Res 18:129–143, 1979
- Landis EM, Pappenheimer JR: Exchange of substances through the capillary walls, chapter 29 in Handbook of Physiology, Section 2: Circulation, edited by Hamilton WF, Dow P, Washington, D.C., Am Physiol Soc, 1963, Vol. II, pp. 961–1034
- Boyer CC: The vascular pattern of the renal glomerulus as revealed by plastic reconstruction from serial sections. Anat Rec 125:433–441, 1956
- Olivetti G, Piero A, Mellissari M, Loud AV: Morphometry of the renal corpuscle during postnatal growth and compensatory hypertrophy. Kidney Int 17:438–454, 1980 | PubMed | ChemPort |
- Savin V, Terreros D, Lindsley B: Filtration in isolated glomeruli from rats with glomerulonephritis (abst). Kidney Int 16:788, 1979
- Savin VJ, Patak RV, Marr G: Glomerular filtration in ischemic renal failure (abst). Kidney Int 16:776, 1979
- Chonko A, Savin V, Stewart R, Karniski L, Cuppage F, Hodges G: The effects of gentamicin on renal function in the mature vs. immature rabbit (abst). Kidney Int 16:772, 1979