Kidney International (1980) 18, 375–385; doi:10.1038/ki.1980.148
Macropuncture study of polycystic disease in adult human kidneys
Richard Huseman, Ann Grady, Daniel Welling and Jared Grantham
Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, and The Research Service of the Kansas City Veterans Administration Hospital, Kansas city, Missouri
Correspondence: Dr Jared Grantham, Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas 66103, USA
Received 5 December 1979; Revised 25 February 1980.
Top of pageAbstract
Macropuncture study of polycystic disease in adult human kidneys. Solute composition, volume, and hydrostatic pressure were measured in cysts from eight patients with the adult form of polycystic kidney disease (PCKD). Five azotemic patients had elective nephrectomies in preparation for renal transplantation, two nonazotemic patients had their polycystic kidneys removed several weeks after a successful renal allograft, and one nonazotemic cadaver was inadvertently nephrectomized as a potential kidney donor. In all patients, the pattern of solute concentrations in cyst fluid segregated into two principal groups: Proximal cysts had sodium, potassium, chloride, hydrogen ion, creatinine, and urea values virtually equal to their respective sera, whereas distal cysts had sodium and chloride concentrations lower and potassium, hydrogen ion, creatinine, and urea concentrations greater than serum. In the two subjects who received renal allografts and were not azotemic, creatinine and urea concentrations in the proximal cysts reflected nonazotemic values, indicating redistribution of these solutes across proximal cyst walls after the extracellular fluid was normalized. By contrast, distal cysts maintained steep concentration gradients for creatinine and urea. Transmural hydrostatic pressures were similar in proximal and distal cysts and were not different from normal intratubular pressures. These studies provide strong support for the view that cysts are massively enlarged segments of nephrons and collecting tubules that qualitatively maintain their basic solute transport functions throughout the life of the patient.
Etude de la maladie polykystique par ponctions de reins d'humains adultes. La composition en substances dissoutes, le volume et al pression hydrostatique ont été mesurés dans les kystes de huit malades atteints de la forme adulte de la maladie polykystique (PCKD). Cinq malades atteints d'insuffisance rénale ont subi des néphrectomies préparatoires à la transplantation rénale, deux malades non azotémiques ont eu l'ablation des reins polykystiques quelques semaines après une greffe rénale réussie et un prélèvement a été fait sur un cadavre considéré comme un donneur potentiel. Chez tous les sujets les profils des concentrations de substances dissoutes dans le liquide des kystes se répartissent en deux catégories principales: les kystes proximaux ont des valeurs de sodium, potassium, chloride, hydrogène, créatinine, et urée pratiquement égales à leurs plasma respectifs, alors que les kystes distaux ont des concentrations de sodium et chloride plus faibles et des concentrations de potassium, hydrogène, créatinine, et urée plus élevées que celles du plasma. Chez deux sujets qui avaient reçu des allogreffes et n'étaient pas azotémiques les concentrations de créatinine et de l'urée dans les kystes proximaux reflétaient les valeurs non azotémiques, ce qui indique une redistribution de ces substances dissoutes à travers la paroi des kystes proximaux après que le liquide extracellulaire ait été normalisé. Les kystes distaux, au contraire, maintiennent une différence de concentration importante pour la créatinine et l'urée. Les pressions hydrostatiques transmurales sont semblables dans les kystes proximaux et distaux et ne sont pas différentes des pressions intra-tubulaires normales. Ces études apportent un argument important en faveur de l'hypothèse selon laquelle les kystes sont des segments de néphrons très grossis qui conservent qualitativement leurs fonctions élémentaires de transport tout au long de la vie du malade.
Top of pageReferences
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