1. ^*Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty Charité, Berlin, Germany
2. ^†Humaine Klinikum, Ost-Brandenburgisches Tumorzentrum, Bad Saarow, Germany

Correspondence: Alexa Teichmann, MD, Center of Experimental and Applied Cutaneous Physiology, Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty Charité, Schumannstr. 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany. Email: alexa.teichmann@charite.de

Received 4 January 2005; Revised 28 February 2005; Accepted 4 March 2005.

Abstract

The determination of penetration pathways of topically applied substances into the skin is the subject of several investigations. Recently, follicular penetration has become a major focus of interest. To date, a direct, non-invasive quantification of the amount of topically applied substance penetrated into the follicles had not been possible. The development of such a method was the aim of this study. Therefore, the advantages of both stripping techniques, tape stripping and cyanoacrylate skin surface biopsy, were combined and evaluated. Tape stripping was used to remove the part of the stratum corneum that contained the topically applied dye. Subsequently, the follicular contents were ripped off by cyanoacrylate skin surface biopsy. The combined method termed "differential stripping" was evaluated in vitro and in vivo, and the amount of topically applied fluorescent dye penetrated into the hair follicles was quantified after different penetration times. After 30 min, 5% of the recovered concentration of sodium fluorescein was found in the follicular infundibula, where it was still detectable after 48 h. Altogether, the results of this investigation revealed that differential stripping is a new method that can be used to study the penetration of topically applied substances into the follicular infundibula non-invasively and selectively.