TABLE 1

FROM:

Salt and blood pressure in children and adolescents

F J He, N M Marrero and G A MacGregor

Table 1. Blood pressure and other variables (unadjusted means.e.m.) according to tertiles of salt intake by age group in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey for young people in Great Britain, 1997

	4–8 years				9–13 years				14–18 years
	Tertile of salt intake (g/day)				Tertile of salt intake (g/day)				Tertile of salt intake (g/day)
	1 (<4.5)	2 (4.6–5.5)	3 (>5.5)	P-values (one-way ANOVA)	1 (<5.4)	2 (5.5–6.7)	3 (>6.7)	P-values (one-way ANOVA)	1 (<5.7)	2 (5.7–7.5)	3 (>7.5)	P-values (one-way ANOVA)
Number of participants, boy/girl	75/109	107/78	118/66	<0.001	69/134	102/101	137/66	<0.001	31/134	76/90	127/38	<0.001
Boys (%)	41	58	64		34	50	67		19	46	77
Age (years)	5.60.10	6.10.10‡	6.50.09‡	<0.001	10.80.10	10.70.09	11.20.09†	<0.001	15.80.11	15.70.11	16.00.11	0.199
Salt intake (g/day)	3.80.04	5.00.02‡	6.60.07‡	<0.001	4.50.06	6.00.03‡	7.90.08‡	<0.001	4.50.07	6.50.04‡	9.30.12‡	<0.001
Sodium intake (g/day)	1.50.02	2.00.01‡	2.60.03‡	<0.001	1.80.02	2.40.01‡	3.10.03‡	<0.001	1.80.03	2.60.02‡	3.70.05‡	<0.001
Sodium/weight ratio (mg/kg)	751.2	881.3‡	1072.0‡	<0.001	491.1	641.0‡	761.3‡	<0.001	320.7	430.7‡	581.0‡	<0.001
Sodium/energy ratio (mg/kcal)	1.200.01	1.350.01‡	1.520.02‡	<0.001	1.220.02	1.390.01‡	1.500.02‡	<0.001	1.270.02	1.410.02‡	1.590.02‡	<0.001
Sodium/potassium ratio	0.980.02	1.100.02‡	1.240.02‡	<0.001	1.000.02	1.130.02‡	1.290.02‡	<0.001	0.970.02	1.130.02‡	1.300.02‡	<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	15.90.11	16.40.14†	16.80.13‡	<0.001	18.60.24	18.70.23	19.20.22	0.110	21.70.29	22.20.29	22.40.33	0.200
Mid-arm circumference (cm)	18.10.1	18.90.2‡	19.60.2‡	<0.001	22.40.3	22.70.2	23.40.2†	0.008	26.00.3	27.00.3	27.50.3	0.001
Spot urine sodium/creatinine ratio	16.10.71	18.10.98	19.20.68†	0.025	13.20.64	13.40.45	14.60.55	0.154	10.90.59	11.30.55	10.70.45	0.658
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	1010.6	1030.7*	1030.7†	0.010	1070.7	1070.6	1090.6§	0.064	1120.8	1160.9‡	1190.9‡	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	540.6	550.6	540.5	0.305	560.6	550.5	550.6	0.389	570.6	590.7	570.6	0.066
Pulse pressure (mm Hg)	470.6	470.7	490.6†	0.020	510.6	520.6	540.7†	0.012	550.7	580.8*	630.9‡	<0.001
Sex-standardized systolic blood pressure Z-score	-0.170.07	0.040.07*	0.120.07†	0.016	-0.050.07	-0.080.07	0.130.07	0.062	-0.190.07	0.050.08*	0.130.08†	0.010
Sex-standardized pulse pressure Z-score	-0.120.07	-0.040.08	0.150.07*	0.030	-0.120.07	-0.030.06	0.150.07†	0.018	-0.120.08	-0.050.08	0.170.08†	0.021

 Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index.

  ^* P<0.05, ^† P<0.01, ^‡ P<0.001, ^§ P=0.054 compared with tertile 1.