1. ¹Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
2. ²Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, USA
3. ³Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA

Correspondence: Dr M Chopp, Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA. E-mail: chopp@neuro.hfh.edu

Received 5 June 2007; Revised 31 July 2007; Accepted 15 August 2007; Published online 10 October 2007.

Abstract

The proportion of neural progenitors that remain in (P fraction) and exit from (Q fraction) the cell cycle determines the degree of neurogenesis. Using S-phase labeling with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and a double nucleoside analog-labeling scheme, we measured the cell-cycle kinetics of neural progenitors and estimated the proportion of P and Q fractions in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of adult rats subjected to stroke. Stroke increased SVZ cell proliferation, starting 2 days, reaching a maximum 4 and 7 days after stroke. The cell-cycle length (T_C) of SVZ cells changed dynamically over a period of 2 to 14 days after stroke, with the shortest length of 11 h at 2 days after stroke. The reduction of the T_C resulted from a decrease of the G₁ phase because the G₂, M, and S phases were unchanged. In addition, during this period, reduction of the G₁ phase was concomitant with an increase in the P fraction, whereas an augmentation of the Q fraction was associated with lengthening of the G₁ phase. Furthermore, approximately 90% of cells that exited the cell cycle were neurons and the population of a pair of dividing daughter cells with a neuronal marker increased from 9% at 2 days to 26% at 14 days after stroke. These data suggest that stroke triggers early expansion of the progenitor pool via shortening the cell-cycle length and retaining daughter cells within the cell cycle, and the lengthening of G₁ leads to daughter cells exiting the cell cycle and differentiating into neurons.