1. ¹Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
2. ²Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA

Correspondence: Dr N Zhang, Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, 2021 6th Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. E-mail: nanyin@cmrr.umn.edu

Received 22 March 2007; Revised 14 May 2007; Accepted 16 June 2007; Published online 15 August 2007.

Abstract

In this study, the neurovascular coupling relationship was noninvasively studied in the human visual cortex. Graded neuronal/hemodynamic suppression conditions were generated using a paired-stimulus paradigm. Visual evoked potential was measured to quantify neuronal activity. Hemodynamic activities were measured and quantified by perfusion and blood oxygenation level-dependent changes. All quantification was normalized to the same activation condition induced by a single stimulus paradigm within each experimental session. This experiment design eliminated the confounding factors such as anesthesia and inconsistent neurovascular coupling patterns within and/or among tasks. The results reveal that (i) there is a tight neurovascular coupling at graded neuronal suppression conditions; (ii) the neurovascular coupling relationship contains a subtle, but significant, nonlinear component; and (iii) the linear model, nevertheless, is still a good approximation reflecting the neurovascular coupling relationship. This study extends the range of the neurovascular coupling relationship from graded neuronal excitation conditions to graded neuronal suppression conditions.