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Nature Reviews Genetics 4, 598–612 (1 August 2003) | doi:10.1038/nrg1124

The human Y chromosome: an evolutionary marker comes of age

Mark A. Jobling & Chris Tyler-Smith

Until recently, the Y chromosome seemed to fulfil the role of juvenile delinquent among human chromosomes — rich in junk, poor in useful attributes, reluctant to socialize with its neighbours and with an inescapable tendency to degenerate. The availability of the near-complete chromosome sequence, plus many new polymorphisms, a highly resolved phylogeny and insights into its mutation processes, now provide new avenues for investigating human evolution. Y-chromosome research is growing up.