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Nature 426, 62-65 (6 November 2003) | doi:10.1038/nature02032;

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Interaction of sea water and lava during submarine eruptions at mid-ocean ridges

Lava erupts into cold sea water on the ocean floor at mid-ocean ridges (at depths of 2,500|[thinsp]|m and greater), and the resulting flows make up the upper part of the global oceanic crust. Interactions between heated sea water and molten basaltic lava could exert significant control on the dynamics of lava flows and on their chemistry.

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