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Nature 401, 770-772 (21 October 1999) | doi:10.1038/44529;

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Persistent patterns in transient chaotic fluid mixing

Chaotic advection of a fluid can cause an initially inhomogeneous impurity (a passive scalar field) to develop complex spatial structure as the elements of the fluid are stretched and folded, even if the velocity field is periodic in time. The effect of chaotic advection on the transient mixing of impurities—the approach to homogeneity—has been explored theoretically and numerically.

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