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EMBO reports 5, 3, 274–279 (2004)
doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400096 AOP Published online: 13 February 2004
Convergent evolution of gene networks by single-gene duplications in higher eukaryotes
Gregory D Amoutzias1, David L Robertson1, Stephen G Oliver1 & Erich Bornberg-Bauer1, 2
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1 2.205 Stopford Building, Oxford Road,
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester,
Manchester M13 9PT, UK
2 Bioinformatics Division, Institute of Botany,
School of Biological Sciences, University of Münster,
Schlossplatz 4, D4814P, Germany
To whom correspondence should be addressed
Erich Bornberg-Bauer Tel: +49 0251 83 21630; Fax: +49 0251 83 21631;
E-mail: ebb@uni-muenster.de
Received 27 August 2003; Accepted 13 January 2004; Published online 13 February 2004.
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Abstract
By combining phylogenetic, proteomic and structural information, we
have elucidated the evolutionary driving forces for the gene-regulatory
interaction networks of basic helix–loop–helix transcription
factors. We infer that recurrent events of single-gene duplication and domain
rearrangement repeatedly gave rise to distinct networks with almost identical
hub-based topologies, and multiple activators and repressors. We thus provide
the first empirical evidence for scale-free protein networks emerging through
single-gene duplications, the dominant importance of molecular modularity in
the bottom-up construction of complex biological entities, and the convergent
evolution of networks.
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