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  • Pediatric Original Article
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Location of breakfast consumption predicts body mass index change in young Hong Kong children

International Journal of Obesity volume 36, pages 925–930 (2012)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Objective:

An association between weight gain and breakfast skipping has been reported, but breakfast location was rarely considered. We investigated the prospective associations between breakfast location, breakfast skipping and body mass index (BMI) change in a large cohort of Chinese children.

Design:

Our baseline cohort consisted of 113 457 primary 4 (US grade 4) participants of the Hong Kong Department of Health Student Health Service in 1998–2000. Of these, 68 606 (60.5%) had complete records and were successfully followed-up 2 years later. Data on breakfast consumption and location were collected at both time points along with other lifestyle characteristics. BMI was derived from objectively measured height and weight. Associations between breakfast habits and BMI change were assessed by multivariable linear regression, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics.

Results:

At baseline, 85.3, 9.4 and 5.2% of children had breakfast at home, away from home and skipped breakfast, respectively. Prospectively, having breakfast away from home (vs at home) predicted a greater BMI increase over two years (β=0.15; 95% CI: 0.11–0.18). Breakfast skipping had a comparable, slightly smaller effect (0.13; 0.09–0.18).

Conclusion:

Both breakfast skipping and eating breakfast away from home predict greater increases in BMI during childhood, the effect being slightly stronger in the latter. Having breakfast, particularly at home, could have important implications for weight management and reducing obesity in children. Further research is required to gain insight into potential underlying mechanisms.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the Health and Health Services Research Fund, Food and Health Bureau, Hong Kong SAR (05060781). We express our gratitude to all the staff and participants of the Student Health Service for their assistance in this study. We acknowledge Anita Lai for her help with data preparation and Gemma Knowles for her editorial assistance. Funding: Health and Health Services Research Fund (05060781).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong

    S P P Tin, S Y Ho & T H Lam

  2. Department of Health, Student Health Service, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong

    K H Mak & K L Wan

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  1. S P P Tin
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Correspondence to S Y Ho.

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Tin, S., Ho, S., Mak, K. et al. Location of breakfast consumption predicts body mass index change in young Hong Kong children. Int J Obes 36, 925–930 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2011.262

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