Review
International Journal of Obesity (2006) 30, 400–418. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803177; published online 22 November 2005
Biomarkers and potential mechanisms of obesity-induced oxidant stress in humans
1The Center for the Study of Complementary and Alternative Therapies (CSCAT), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Correspondence: Dr HK Vincent, The Center for the Study of Complementary and Alternative Therapies (CSCAT), and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Virginia, PO Box 800905, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0905, USA. E-mail: hkv5d@virginia.edu
Received 17 October 2004; Revised 20 September 2005; Accepted 7 October 2005; Published online 22 November 2005.
Abstract
Objective:
Oxidative stress may be the unifying mechanism underlying the development of comorbidities in obesity. Evidence suggests that a clustering of sources of oxidative stress exists in obesity: hyperglycemia, hyperleptinemia, increased tissue lipid levels, inadequate antioxidant defenses, increased rates of free radical formation, enzymatic sources within the endothelium, and chronic inflammation.
Method:
This review provides a summary of the available evidence on systemic oxidative stress in humans and specific metabolic pathways by which obesity may elevate systemic oxidant stress. The authors suggest possible methods of reducing oxidative stress such as antioxidant supplementation, caloric restriction and/or physical activity and surgical intervention to combat free radicals and reduce adipose tissue.
Results:
Obesity is associated with oxidative stress and can be reduced with weight loss (regardless of exercise or surgery induced weight loss), caloric restriction or antioxidant rich diets.
Conclusion:
Oxidative stress levels are elevated in human obesity, and these levels are modifiable with various lifestyle modifications and surgical interventions.
Keywords:
lipid peroxidation, antioxidant, oxidative stress, free radicals
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