Paper
International Journal of Obesity (2005) 29, 1464–1470. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803041; published online 26 July 2005
High amount of visceral fat mass is associated with multiple metabolic changes in offspring of type 2 diabetic patients
U Salmenniemi1, E Ruotsalainen1, M Vänttinen1, I Vauhkonen1, J Pihlajamäki1, S Kainulainen2, K Punnonen3 and M Laakso1
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
- 2Department of Radiology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
- 3Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
Correspondence: Dr M Laakso, Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio, Kuopio 70210, Finland. E-mail: markku.laakso@kuh.fi
Received 28 January 2005; Revised 6 June 2005; Accepted 13 June 2005; Published online 26 July 2005.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the relative contribution of total body fat mass (TFM) and intra-abdominal fat mass (IAFM) to metabolic consequences of obesity in offspring of type 2 diabetic parents.
DESIGN:
Cross-sectional study of 129 nondiabetic offspring of diabetic parents (59 men, 70 women, age 35.7
6.3 y, body mass index 26.24.6 kg/m2). Study subjects were grouped according to TFM (assessed with bioelectrical impedance) and IAFM (assessed with CT). Insulin sensitivity was assessed with the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, insulin secretion with the intravenous glucose tolerance test and energy expenditure with indirect calorimetry. Furthermore, C-reactive protein (CRP) and adiponectin levels were measured.
RESULTS:
Insulin resistance, low rates of oxidative and nonoxidative glucose disposal, high rates of lipid oxidation and reduced energy expenditure during hyperinsulinemia were associated with high IAFM, independently of TFM. Adiponectin level was reduced and CRP level increased in subjects with high IAFM.
CONCLUSIONS:
The metabolic changes relating to obesity are largely attributable to high IAFM, and are present even in normal weight subjects with high IAFM.
Keywords:
visceral fat, metabolic syndrome, insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, cytokines
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