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Effect of weight loss on inflammatory and endothelial markers and FMD using two low-fat diets

International Journal of Obesity volume 29, pages 1445–1451 (2005)Cite this article

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

Cardiovascular disease is strongly associated with obesity and there is evidence that weight loss has positive effects on cardiovascular disease risk. The aims of this study were to compare meal replacements (MR) with a conventional low-fat diet as weight loss strategies and to examine the effect of weight loss on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and other markers of endothelial function in overweight Australians with raised triglycerides (TG) (>2 mmol/l).

RESEARCH METHODS:

Subjects matched for age, gender, fasting plasma TG and body mass index were randomized to two low- fat high- carbohydrate weight loss strategies (both <6000 kJ), one using MR and the other a structured eating plan, control (C). Subjects followed both diets for 3 months. In total, 55 subjects completed the study. FMD, pulse wave velocity and blood pressure (BP) were measured at baseline and at 3 months, as were fasting blood samples for lipids, glucose, insulin, C reactive protein (CRP) and endothelium-derived factors.

RESULTS:

Mean weight loss was 6.3±3.7 kg (6.0±4.2 vs 6.63±3.35 kg, MR vs C) with no difference between diet groups. TG, insulin, CRP, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM1) fell after weight loss, but FMD did not change. Systolic BP fell by 8 mmHg and pulse wave velocity improved.

DISCUSSION:

In subjects with elevated TG, weight loss resulted in significant improvements in cardiovascular risk markers, particularly endothelium-derived factors (PAI-1 and sICAM1). However, FMD did not improve with weight loss.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the support of Unilever Australasia (a Division of Unilever Australia Limited) and Slim-Fast Nutrition Institute, USA. We thank Jodie Avery, Anne McGuffin, Rosemary McArthur and Kathryn Bastiaans for assistance in performance of this study.

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  1. CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition Adelaide South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

    P M Clifton, J B Keogh, P R Foster & M Noakes

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Correspondence to P M Clifton.

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Clifton, P., Keogh, J., Foster, P. et al. Effect of weight loss on inflammatory and endothelial markers and FMD using two low-fat diets. Int J Obes 29, 1445–1451 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803039

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