Table 2 - Swallowing dysfunctions due to congenital anatomic abnormalities
From the following article
Head and neck disorders affecting swallowing
Timothy M. McCulloch and Debra Jaffe
GI Motility online (2006)
doi:10.1038/gimo36
| Cleft lip and palate |
| Choanal atresia |
| Laryngomalacia |
| Laryngeal clefts |
| Tracheoesophageal fistula/esophageal stenosis |
| Congenital disorders associated with micrognathia |
| Isolated micrognathia |
| Pierre Robin syndrome |
| Goldenhar's syndrome |
| Vascular abnormalities |
© 2019 Nature is part of Springer Nature. All Rights Reserved.
