Figure 12 - Response of UES muscles during swallowing.

This figure illustrates the EMG responses of the three UES closure muscles, and many of the superior hyoid UES opening muscles during a dry swallow ad lib feeding of canned food in a chronically instrumented dog. Note that the three UES closing muscles respond quite differently during swallowing but the superior opening muscles are activate almost simultaneously. MH, mylohyoideus; GH, geniohyoideus; TH, thyrohyoideus; TP, thyropharyngeus; CP, cricopharyngeus; ESO, esophagus 2 cm below CP.