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| Subject Categories: Chromatin & Transcription | Development |
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| The EMBO Journal
(2006) 25, 490–501, doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600943 Published online 19 January 2006 |
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| Skeletal muscle specification by myogenin and Mef2D via the SWI/SNF ATPase Brg1 |
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| Yasuyuki Ohkawa, Concetta G A Marfella and Anthony N Imbalzano |
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Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA To whom correspondence should be addressed Anthony N Imbalzano, Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts, Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. Tel.: +1 508 856 1029; Fax: +1 508 856 5612; E-mail: animbalzano@yahoo.com or anthony.imbalzano@umassmed.edu Received 5 September 2005; Accepted 14 December 2005; Published online 19 January 2006. |
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| Abstract |
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| Myogenin is required not for the initiation of myogenesis but instead for skeletal muscle formation through poorly understood mechanisms. We demonstrate in cultured cells and, for the first time, in embryonic tissue, that myogenic late genes that specify the skeletal muscle phenotype are bound by MyoD prior to the initiation of gene expression. At the onset of muscle specification, a transition from MyoD to myogenin occurred at late gene loci, concomitant with loss of HDAC2, the appearance of both the Mef2D regulator and the Brg1 chromatin-remodeling enzyme, and the opening of chromatin structure. We further demonstrated that ectopic expression of myogenin and Mef2D, in the absence of MyoD, was sufficient to induce muscle differentiation in a manner entirely dependent on Brg1. These results indicate that myogenin specifies the muscle phenotype by cooperating with Mef2D to recruit an ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling enzyme that alters chromatin structure at regulatory sequences to promote terminal differentiation. |
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| Keywords: Brg1, chromatin remodeling, Mef2D, myogenesis, myogenin |
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Top of page MORE ARTICLES LIKE THISThese links to content published by NPG are automatically generated NEWS AND VIEWSNature Genetics News and Views (01 Jul 2004) Nature News and Views (05 Aug 1993) RESEARCHKidney International Original Article Mammalian SWI/SNF complexes promote MyoD-mediated muscle differentiation Nature Genetics Letter (01 Feb 2001) |
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