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| Subject Categories: Microbiology & Pathogens |
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| The EMBO Journal
(2005) 24, 2043–2052, doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600676 Published online 12 May 2005 |
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| Formation of a novel surface structure encoded by Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 |
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| Dipshikha Chakravortty1, 4, 5, Manfred Rohde2, 4, Lorenz Jäger1, Jörg Deiwick3 and Michael Hensel1 |
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1 Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany 2 Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccine Research, Division of Microbiology, German Centre for Biotechnology (GBF), Braunschweig, Germany 3 Institut für Biochemie, Universität zu Lübeck, Germany To whom correspondence should be addressed Michael Hensel, Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Wasserturmstrasse 3–5, Erlangen 91054, Germany. Tel.: +49 9131 852 3640; Fax: +49 9131 852 2531; E-mail: hensel@mikrobio.med.uni-erlangen.de 4 These authors contributed equally to the work 5 Present address: Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India Received 9 July 2004; Accepted 15 April 2005; Published online 12 May 2005. |
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| Abstract |
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| The type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded by Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 (SPI2) is essential for virulence and intracellular proliferation of Salmonella enterica. We have previously identified SPI2-encoded proteins that are secreted and function as a translocon for the injection of effector proteins. Here, we describe the formation of a novel SPI2-dependent appendage structure in vitro as well as on the surface of bacteria that reside inside a vacuole of infected host cells. In contrast to the T3SS of other pathogens, the translocon encoded by SPI2 is only present singly or in few copies at one pole of the bacterial cell. Under in vitro conditions, appendages are composed of a filamentous needle-like structure with a diameter of 10 nm that was sheathed with secreted protein. The formation of the appendage in vitro is dependent on acidic media conditions. We analyzed SPI2-encoded appendages in infected cells and observed that acidic vacuolar pH was not required for induction of SPI2 gene expression, but was essential for the assembly of these structures and their function as translocon for delivery of effector proteins. |
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| Keywords: intracellular pathogen, protein translocation, Salmonella-containing vacuole, surface appendage, type III secretion |
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