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| Subject Categories: Immunology | Microbiology & Pathogens |
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| The EMBO Journal
(2004) 23, 4690–4700, doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600466 Published online 11 November 2004 |
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| Peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP)-LE and PGRP-LC act synergistically in Drosophila immunity |
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| Aya Takehana, Tamaki Yano, Shizuka Mita, Atsushi Kotani, Yoshiteru Oshima and Shoichiro Kurata |
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Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan To whom correspondence should be addressed Shoichiro Kurata, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan. Tel.: +81 22 217 6823; Fax: +81 22 217 6821; E-mail: kurata@mail.pharm.tohoku.ac.jp Received 10 March 2004; Accepted 11 October 2004; Published online 11 November 2004. |
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| Abstract |
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| In innate immunity, pattern recognition molecules recognize cell wall components of microorganisms and activate subsequent immune responses, such as the induction of antimicrobial peptides and melanization in Drosophila. The diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-type peptidoglycan potently activates imd-dependent induction of antibacterial peptides. Peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) family members act as pattern recognition molecules. PGRP-LC loss-of-function mutations affect the imd-dependent induction of antibacterial peptides and resistance to Gram-negative bacteria, whereas PGRP-LE binds to the DAP-type peptidoglycan, and a gain-of-function mutation induces constitutive activation of both the imd pathway and melanization. Here, we generated PGRP-LE null mutants and report that PGRP-LE functions synergistically with PGRP-LC in producing resistance to Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium infections, which have the DAP-type peptidoglycan. Consistent with this, PGRP-LE acts both upstream and in parallel with PGRP-LC in the imd pathway, and is required for infection-dependent activation of melanization in Drosophila. A role for PGRP-LE in the epithelial induction of antimicrobial peptides is also suggested. |
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| Keywords: antibacterial defense, Drosophila, innate immunity, non-self recognition, PGRP |
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