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| The EMBO Journal
(2001) 20, 3967–3974, doi:10.1093/emboj/20.15.3967 |
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| Altered behavioral rhythms and clock gene expression in mice with a targeted mutation in the Period1 gene |
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| Nicolas Cermakian, Lucia Monaco, Matthew P. Pando, Andrée Dierich and Paolo Sassone-Corsi |
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Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS-INSERM-Université Louis Pasteur, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch-Strasbourg, France To whom correspondence should be addressed Paolo Sassone-Corsi, paolosc@igbmc.u-strasbg.fr Received 24 April 2001; Revised 20 May 2001; Accepted 5 June 2001. |
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| Abstract |
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| A group of specialized genes has been defined to govern the molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian clock in mammals. Their expression and the interactions among their products dictate circadian rhythmicity. Three genes homologous to Drosophila period exist in the mouse and are thought to be major players in the biological clock. Here we present the generation of mice in which the founding member of the family, Per1, has been inactivated by homologous recombination. These mice present rhythmicity in locomotor activity, but with a period almost 1 h shorter than wild-type littermates. Moreover, the expression of clock genes in peripheral tissues appears to be delayed in Per1 mutant animals. Importantly, light-induced phase shifting appears conserved. The oscillatory expression of clock genes and the induction of immediate-early genes in response to light in the master clock structure, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, are unaffected. Altogether, these data demonstrate that Per1 plays a distinct role within the Per family, as it may be involved predominantly in peripheral clocks and/or in the output pathways of the circadian clock. |
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| Keywords: circadian rhythm, clock gene, knock-out mouse, light response, Per1 |
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