Original Article

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2009) 63, 1251–1259; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.44; published online 24 June 2009

The reliability of a food frequency questionnaire for use among adolescents

G L Ambrosini1, N H de Klerk2, T A O'Sullivan2, L J Beilin3 and W H Oddy2

  1. 1Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Developmental Health, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
  2. 2Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
  3. 3School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia

Correspondence: Dr WH Oddy, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, PO Box 855 West Perth, WA 6872, Australia. E-mail: wendyo@ichr.uwa.edu.au

Received 19 October 2008; Revised 20 March 2009; Accepted 16 May 2009; Published online 24 June 2009.

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Abstract

Background:

 

Accurate measurement of dietary intake is essential for understanding the long-term effects of adolescent diet on chronic disease risk. However, adolescents may have limited food knowledge and ability to quantify portion sizes and recall dietary intake. Therefore, food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) deemed appropriate for use among adults may not be suitable for adolescents.

Objectives:

 

To evaluate an FFQ in comparison with a 3-day food record (FR) in 14-year olds participating in a population-based cohort study in Western Australia.

Methods:

 

Nutrient intakes estimated by a semi-quantitative FFQ were compared with those from a 3-day FR using Bland & Altman limits of agreement (LOA), tertile classifications and Pearson's correlation coefficients.

Results:

 

A total of 785 adolescents provided data from both dietary methods. Mean agreement between the FR and FFQ ranged from 73 (starch) to 161% (vitamin C). The LOA ranged from 27 (retinol) to 976% (carotene), with most nutrients being overestimated by the FFQ. For most nutrients, agreement between the two methods varied significantly with the magnitude of intake. Pearson's r ranged from 0.11 (polyunsaturated fats) to 0.52 (riboflavin). The FFQ classified 80 to 90% of subjects' nutrient intakes into the same or adjacent tertile as their FR. Boys performed slightly better for all of these indices.

Conclusions:

 

Agreement between individual FFQ and FR nutrient intakes was less than ideal. However, the FFQ was able to correctly rank a reasonable proportion of adolescents.

Keywords:

validation studies, diet surveys, questionnaires, adolescent, diet records, Raine study

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