Original Article
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2008) 62, 1194–1200; doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602843; published online 11 July 2007
Diet quality and lifestyle associated with free selected low-energy density diets in a representative Spanish population
Guarantor: H Schröder.
Contributors: HS led data analysis and writing of the manuscript. JM and MC participated in the discussion and interpretation of results, and writing of the manuscript. RE and JM provided their expertise in data analysis and in interpretation and discussion of results. They made substantial suggestions on the manuscript.
H Schröder1, M Covas1, R Elosua1, J Mora2 and J Marrugat1 for the REGICOR Investigators3
- 1Lipids and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
- 2Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
Correspondence: Dr H Schröder, Lipids and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, IMIM, c/Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: hschroeder@imim.es
3Regicor Investigators: Covas MI, Elosua R, Fitó M, Gil M, Manresa JM, Marrugat J, Martín S, Masiá R, Pena A, Pérez G, Ramió I, Rolhfs I, Roset P, Sala J, Sentí M, Vila J.
Received 25 May 2006; Revised 3 May 2007; Accepted 4 May 2007; Published online 11 July 2007.
Abstract
Objective:
Dietary intake is strongly influenced by the energy density of the diet. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of energy density with diet quality, dietary reference intake (DRI) for energy and lifestyle characteristics in free-living people.
Subjects:
The subjects were Spanish men (n=1491) and women (n=1563) selected in between 1999 and 2000 among the general population according to the 1996 census.
Results:
A low-energy density diet was significantly associated (P<0.001) with a higher consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, fish and white meat as compared to high-energy density diets. More subjects (P<0.001) with a high adherence to low-energy density diets meet DRI for energy intake and tended to be closer (P<0.05) to the recommendations of dietary intakes, established by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition than those following a high-energy density diet. Alcohol consumption, the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle and smoking significantly increased (P<0.01) across quartile distribution of energy density.
Conclusion:
Low-energy density diets of the present population were associated with a healthier lifestyle. Furthermore, our data suggest that adherence to low-energy density diets, with similar characteristics to those found in the present population, promote adequate energy intakes and increase overall diet quality.
Keywords:
energy density, diet, diet quality, energy intake
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