Original Article

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2007) 61, 91–98. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602494; published online 9 August 2006

Diet, serum insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF-binding protein-3 in European women

Guarantor: R Kaaks. Contributors: RK is the principal investigator of the study. TN and LD carried out data analysis. SR conducted the laboratory analyses. The writing team was integrated by TN, LD, SR and RK. All authors contributed to the collection of data, interpretation of results and to the writing of the paper.

T Norat1, L Dossus1, S Rinaldi1, K Overvad2,3, H Grønbæk4, A Tjønneland5, A Olsen5, F Clavel-Chapelon6, M C Boutron-Ruault6, H Boeing7, P H Lahmann7, J Linseisen8, G Nagel8, A Trichopoulou9, D Trichopoulos9, V Kalapothaki9, S Sieri10, D Palli11, S Panico12, R Tumino13, C Sacerdote14, H B Bueno-de-Mesquita15, P H M Peeters16, C H van Gils16, A Agudo17, P Amiano18, E Ardanoz19, C Martinez20, R Quirós21, M J Tormo22, S Bingham23, T J Key24, N E Allen24, P Ferrari1, N Slimani1, E Riboli1 and R Kaaks1

  1. 1International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
  2. 2Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aalborg Hospital and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
  3. 3Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
  4. 4Medical Department V, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
  5. 5Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
  6. 6INSERM U521, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
  7. 7German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
  8. 8Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Deutches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
  9. 9Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  10. 10Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Tumori, Milan, Italy
  11. 11Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Centre, Scientific Institute of Tuscany, Florence, Italy
  12. 12Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
  13. 13Cancer Registry Azienda Ospedaliera 'Civile M.P. Arezzo,' Ragusa, Italy
  14. 14CPO-Piemonte and University of Torino, Italy
  15. 15Centre for Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
  16. 16Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
  17. 17Department of Epidemiology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
  18. 18Cancer Registry, Public Health Institute, Navarra, Spain
  19. 19Department of Public Health of Guipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain
  20. 20Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain
  21. 21Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Salud y Servicios Sanitarios de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
  22. 22Consejería de Sanidad, Murcia, Spain
  23. 23Medical Research Council Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Cambridge, UK
  24. 24Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

Correspondence: Dr R Kaaks, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150, Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France. E-mail: kaaks@iarc.fr

Received 30 August 2005; Revised 26 April 2006; Accepted 6 June 2006; Published online 9 August 2006.

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Abstract

Objective:

 

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of diet with serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-3 in women.

Design:

 

Cross-sectional study.

Setting and subjects:

 

The population are 2109 women who were control subjects in a case–control study of breast cancer nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Control subjects were randomly chosen among risk sets consisting of female cohort members alive and free of cancer (except non-melanoma skin cancer) at the time of diagnosis of the index case. Matching criteria were age at enrolment, follow-up time, time of the day of blood collection and study centre. Diet was measured through validated questionnaires. Serum hormone concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The relationship between serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and intake of nutrients and foods was explored by linear regression in models adjusted for energy intake, age, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, centre and laboratory batch.

Results:

 

Serum IGF-I levels were positively related to protein intake (P trend<0.001), but not related to energy, fat or carbohydrate intake. Positive relationships were observed with the intake of milk (P trend=0.007), calcium (P trend<0.001), magnesium (P trend=0.003), phosphorus (P trend<0.001), potassium (P trend=0.002), vitamin B6 (P trend=0.03), vitamin B2 (P trend=0.001) and inverse relationships with vegetables (P trend=0.02) and beta-carotene (P trend=0.02). IGFBP-3 was not related with most of the nutrients and foods in this study.

Conclusions:

 

In this population, circulating IGF-I is modestly related with the intake of protein and minerals, and with milk and cheese, while IGFBP-3 does not appear to be related with diet.

Keywords:

insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, diet, women, protein, milk, calcium

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