Original Article
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2006) 60, 938–941. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602402; published online 15 February 2006
Within-day variability of whole-body and segmental bioelectrical impedance in a standing position
Guarantor: Y Oshima.
Contributors: Both authors took part in data collection and/or analysis and contributed to the final version of the manuscript.
1Research and Development Department, Omron Healthcare Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan
Correspondence: Dr Y Oshima, Research and Development Department, Omron Healthcare Co., Ltd, 24, Yamanouchi Yamanoshita-Cho, Ukyo-ku, Kyoto 615-0084 Japan. E-mail: yoshitake_oshima@ohq.omron.co.jp
Received 29 June 2005; Revised 16 December 2005; Accepted 22 December 2005; Published online 15 February 2006.
Abstract
Objective:
To assess the variation in whole-body and segmental bioelectrical impedance measured in the standing position over the course of a day.
Subjects:
Sixteen healthy men aged 29.6
3.1 years participated in this study.
Measurement:
Impedance between the hands (Z
H–H), the feet (Z
F–F), and the both hands and feet (Z
H–F) was measured using a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) data acquisition system at 500 
A and 50 kHz. Body weight, Z
H–H, Z
F–F and Z
H–F were measured every 3 h from 0900 to 1800.
Results:
Body weight was slightly, but significantly, changed at 1200 (-0.40.4 kg, P<0.05), 1500 (+0.40.3 kg, P<0.05) and 1800 (-0.20.2 kg, P<0.05) compared to their respective previous measurement values. Z
H–H significantly increased (P<0.05) and Z
F–F significantly decreased (P<0.05) over the course of a day. The mean changes in impedance from 0900 to 1800 were +27.2 
(Z
H–H) and -31.8 (Z
F–F), respectively. There were no changes in Z
H–H at 1500 and in Z
F–F at 1800 compared to their respective previous measurement values. The Z
H–F value did not change significantly between 0900 and 1800.
Conclusion:
Although changes in standing whole-body impedance during the day are small, arm and leg segmental impedance measurements change significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the impedance at regularly scheduled times when evaluating whole-body %fat or body water content using the segmental BIA method.
Keywords:
whole-body impedance, segmental impedance, within-day variability
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