Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Original Communication
  • Published:

Mild dehydration: a risk factor for dental disease?

Abstract

A review of the published international literature was undertaken to investigate whether dehydration is a risk factor for dental disease. Published evidence of associations between saliva and dental disease and between saliva and dehydration was observed, but the precise nature of these associations is unclear and no evidence of a direct link between dehydration and dental disease was found. It is concluded that no direct link between dehydration and dental disease has been proven, although there is considerable circumstantial evidence to indicate that such a link exists.

Sponsorship: This study was funded through internal funds of the University of Birmingham.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Al-Dlaigan YH, Shaw L & Smith AJ (2001a): Dental erosion in a group of British 14-year-old school children. Part I: prevalence and influence of differing socioeconomic backgrounds. Br. Dent. J. 190, 145–149.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Dlaigan YH, Shaw L & Smith AJ (2001b): Dental erosion in a group of British 14-year-old school children. Part II: influence of dietary intake. Br. Dent. J. 190, 258–261.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Dlaigan YH, Shaw L & Smith AJ (2002): Is there a relationship between asthma and dental erosion. A case control study. Int. J. Paed. Dent. 12, 189–200.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anusavice KJ (1995): Preservative dentistry: the standard of care for the 21st century. J. Publ. Health 55, 67–68.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bardon A, Cedar O & Kollberg H (1983): Cystic fibrosis-like changes in saliva of healthy persons subjected to anaerobic exercise. Clin. Chim. Acta 133, 311–316.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartlett DW, Coward PY, Nikkah C & Wilson RF (1998): The prevalence of tooth wear in a cluster sample of adolescent schoolchildren and its relationship with potential explanatory factors. Br. Dent. J. 184, 25–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Aryeh H, Roll N, Lahav M, Dlin R, Hanne-Paparo N, Szargel R, Shein-Orr C & Laufer D (1989): Effect of exercise on salivary composition and cortisol in serum and saliva in man. J. Dent. Res. 68, 1495–1497.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergdahl M & Bergdahl J (2000): Low unstimulated salivary flow and subjective oral dryness: association with medication, anxiety, depression and stress. J. Dent. Res. 79, 1652–1658.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bevenius J & l'Estrange P (1990): Chairside evaluation of salivary parameters in patients with tooth surface loss: a pilot study. Aust. Dent. J. 35, 219–221.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop NC, Blannin AK, Armstrong E, Rickman M & Gleeson M (2000): Carbohydrate and fluid intake affect the saliva flow rate and IgA response to cycling. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 32, 2046–2051.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blannin AK, Robson PJ, Walsh NP, Clark AM, Glennon L & Gleeson M (1998): The effect of exercising to exhaustion at different intensities on saliva immunoglobulin A, protein and electrolyte secretion. Int. J. Sports Med. 19, 547–552.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown LR, Dreizen S, Handler S & Johnston DA (1975): Effect of radiation induced xerostomia on human oral microflora. J. Dent. Res. 54, 740–750.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carbone RF, Sweeney EA & Shaw JH (1966): The comparative influence of thyroid imbalance and limited body weight gain on submandibular gland weight, the protein composition of saliva and dental caries in the rat. Arch. Oral Biol. 11, 781–792.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dawes C (1981): The effect of exercise on protein and electrolyte secretion in parotid saliva. J. Physiol. Lond. 320, 139–148.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drake CW, Maryniuk GA & Bentley C (1990): Reasons for restoration replacement in general dental practice. Quintess. Int. 21, 125–130.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dreizen S, Brown L, Daly TE & Drane JB (1977): Prevention of xerostomia-related dental caries in irradiated cancer patients. J. Dent. Res. 56, 99–104.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edgar WM & O'Mullane DM (1996): Saliva and Oral Health. 2nd Edition. London: BDJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elderton RJ & Davies JA (1984): Restorative dental treatment in the General Dental Service in Scotland. Br. Dent. J. 157, 196–200.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gantt W (1929): Salivary secretion and the intake of fluid. Am. J. Dis. Child. 37, 1125–1127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregersen MI (1930): The control of salivary secretion during water deprivation. PhD thesis, Harvard University.

  • Gregersen MI & Bullock LT (1933): Observations on thirst in man in relation to changes in salivary flow and plasma volume. Am. J. Physiol. 105, 39–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gudmundsson K, Kristleifsson G, Theodors A & Holbrook WP (1995): Tooth erosion, gastrointestinal reflux, and salivary buffer. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 79, 185–189.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hannig M & Balz M (1999): Influence of in vivo formed salivary pellicle on enamel erosion. Caries Res. 33, 372–379.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hay DI & Moreno EC (1993): Hydroxyapatite interactive proteins. In Cariology for the Nineties. eds. WH Bowen & LA Tabak, pp 71–84. Rochester: University of Rochester Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellström I (1977): Oral complications in anorexia nervosa. Scand. J. Dent. Res. 85, 71–86.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes JH (1964): Changes in salivary flow produced by changes in fluid and electrolyte balance. In Salivary Glands and their Secretions. eds. LM Sreebny and J Meyer, pp. 177–196. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes JH & Gregersen MI (1948): Origin of thirst in diabetes insipidus. Am. J. Med. 4, 503–510.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Järvinen VK, Rytoma H & Heinonen OP (1991): Risk factors in dental erosion. J. Dent. Res. 70, 942–947.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karmiol M & Walsh RF (1975): Dental caries after radiotherapy of the oral regions. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 91, 838–845.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuroiwa M, Kodaka T & Kuroiwa M (1993): Microstructural changes of human enamel surfaces by brushing with and without dentifrice containing abrasive. Caries Res. 27, 1–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ljungberg G, Ericson T, Ekblom B & Birkhed D (1997): Saliva and marathon running. Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 7, 214–219.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mackinnon LT & Hooper S (1994): Mucosal (secretory) immune system responses to exercise of varying intensity and during overtraining. Int. J. Sports Med. 15, S179–S183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mackinnon LT & Jenkins DG (1993): Decreased salivary immunoglobulins after intense interval exercise before and after training. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 25, 678–683.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandel IH (1974): Relation of saliva and plaque to caries. J. Dent. Res. 53, 246–266.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mannerberg F (1963): Saliva factors in cases of erosion. Odontol. Revy. 14, 155–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maryniuk GA (1984): In search of treatment longevity—a 30 year prospective. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 109, 739–744.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maryniuk GA & Kaplan SH (1986): Longevity of restorations: survey results of dentists' estimates and attitudes. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 112, 39–45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mason DK & Chisholm DM (1975): Salivary Glands in Health and Disease. London: Saunders.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCay CM & Will L (1949): Erosion of molar teeth by acid beverages. J. Nutr. 39, 313–324.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meurman JH & Frank RM (1991): Scanning electron microscopic study of the effect of salivary pellicle on enamel erosion. Caries Res. 25, 1–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meurman JH, Toskala J, Nuutinen P & Klemetti E (1994): Oral and dental manifestations in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. 78, 583–589.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller WD (1904): A study of certain questions relating to the pathology of teeth. Dent. Cosmos 46, 981–1001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millward AN, Shaw L, Harrington E & Smith AJ (1997): Continuous monitoring of salivary flow rate and pH at the surface of the dentition following consumption of acidic beverages. Caries Res. 31, 44–49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Millward AN, Shaw L, Smith AJ, Rippin JW & Harrington E (1994): The distribution and severity of tooth wear and relationship between erosion and dietary constituents in a group of children. Int. J. Paed. Dent. 4, 151–157.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milosevic A, Young PJ & Lennon MA (1994): The prevalence of tooth wear in 14-year old school children in Liverpool. Community Dent. Health 11, 83–86.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O'Brien M (1994): Childrens Dental Health in the United Kingdom 1993. London: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, HMSO.

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Sullivan EA & Curzon MEJ (2000): Salivary factors affecting dental erosion in children. Caries Res. 34, 82–87.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O'Sullivan EA, Curzon MEJ, Roberts GJ, Milla P & Stringer MD (1998): Gastroesophageal reflux in children and its relationship to erosion of primary and permanent teeth. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 106, 765–769.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parry J, Shaw L, Arnaud MJ & Smith AJ (2001): Investigation of mineral waters and soft drinks in relation to dental erosion. J. Oral Rehabil. 28, 766–772.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rugg-Gunn AJ (1993): Dental caries—the post-eruptive effects of diet. In Nutrition and Dental Health. ed. AJ Rugg-Gunn, pp 91–112. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salminen S & Konttinen A (1963): Effect of exercise on Na and K concentrations in human saliva and serum. J. Appl. Physiol. 18, 12–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shannon IL (1966): Climatological effects on human parotid gland function. Arch. Oral Biol. 11, 451–453.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shannon IL (1967): Effect of exercise on parotid fluid corticosteroids and electrolytes. J. Dent. Res. 46, 608–610.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ship JA & Fischer DJ (1999): Metabolic indicators of hydration status in the prediction of parotid salivary gland function. Arch. Oral Biol. 44, 343–350.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walsh NP, Blannin AK, Clark AM, Cook L, Robson PJ & Gleeson M (1999): The effects of high intensity intermittent exercise on saliva IgA, total protein and alpha-amylase. J. Sports Sci. 17, 129–134.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson NHF, Burke FJT & Mjör IA (1997): Reasons for placement and replacement of restorations and direct restorative materials by a selected group of practitioners in the United Kingdom. Quintess. Int. 28, 245–248.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winsor AL (1930): The effect of dehydration on parotid secretion. Am. J. Psychol. 42, 602–607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woltgens JMH, Vingerling P, DeBlieck-Hogervorst JMA & Bervoets DJ (1985): Enamel erosion and saliva. Clin. Prev. Dent. 7, 8–10.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

Guarantor: AJ Smith.

Contributors: AJ Smith and L Shaw both reviewed the published literature and wrote this report.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A J Smith.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Smith, A., Shaw, L. Mild dehydration: a risk factor for dental disease?. Eur J Clin Nutr 57 (Suppl 2), S75–S80 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601905

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601905

Keywords

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links