FIGURE 2

Mean values of maximum and minimum urine osmolality in standardised tests of renal concentrating and diluting capacity according to postnatal age, gestational age (preterm and term infants) and nutrition (human milk, cow's milk, cow's milk formula, humanised formula, beikost): () human milk in preterm infants (Smith et al, 1949; Fisher et al, 1963), () human milk in term infants (McCance and Widdowson, 1954; Janovsky et al, 1968; Marild et al, 1992), () humanised formula (Edelmann et al, 1960; Janovsky et al, 1968; Svenningsen and Aronson, 1974; Marild et al, 1992) () cow's milk and cow's milk formula (Pratt et al, 1948; Barnett et al, 1952; Hansen and Smith, 1953; Edelmann et al, 1960; Drescher et al, 1962; Polacek et al, 1965; Janovsky et al, 1968), (+) formula and beikost (Polacek et al, 1965; Rodriguez-Soriano et al, 1981; Assadi, 1990), (—) regression line (Winberg, 1959); (-; -) repeated tests in the same infants; 830 mosm/kg: mean -2 s.d. of maximum Uosm in healthy children and adolescents consuming a typical affluent Western-type diet; 285 mosm/kg: mean plasma osmolality.