Short-term effects of a hypocaloric diet on nitrogen excretion in morbid obese women

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether the daily pattern of urine excretion of N wastes is affected by obesity and very low-calorie diets (VLCD).

Design: The plasma amino acid, urea and other energy parameters, as well as the urinary excretion of total nitrogen, urea and creatinine were studied in obese and normal-weight women. The obese women's data were obtained under hospital basal controlled conditions (8.1 MJ/day) and after 3 days of VLCD diet (1.9 MJ/day) controls were studied only once (5.8 MJ/day). The hourly excretion patterns of total N, urea and creatinine were determined from the composition of each bladder voiding.

Subjects: Twenty morbidly obese and 10 age-matched normal-weight control women.

Results: Plasma amino acid levels were higher in obese women, which showed a limited ability to metabolize amino acid hydrocarbon skeletons. Neither differences in the patterns between groups nor total 24 h values for urine volume were found. Total N and urea excretion diminished under VLCD diet. Hourly creatinine excretion showed a flat pattern and was higher in obese women than in the controls, VLCD diet diminished the amount of creatinine excreted in 24 h.

Conclusions: The early change in energy availability that the creatinine excretion figures reflect may result from the energy conservation mechanisms induced in response to energy restriction. The early onset of this effect (3 days, and the extent of decrease (∼19%) also suggest that the impact of VLCD on the muscle energy budget of the obese is more marked than usually assumed.

Sponsorship: Grants FIS-94/0034, BIO98-0316 and 2FD97-0233 of the Government of Spain.

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2001) 55, 186–191