Original Article

Journal of Investigative Dermatology (1992) 99, 390–396; doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12616103

Syndecan-1, a Cell-Surface Proteoglycan, Changes in Size and Abundance when Keratinocytes Stratify

Ralph D Sanderson, Michael T Hinkes and Merton Bernfield

Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A.

Received 11 March 1992; Accepted 28 May 1992.

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Abstract

In epidermis, keratinocytes in the basal cell layer differentiate, lose their attachment to the underlying extracellular matrix, and form extensive intercellular adhesions as they stratify. The alterations in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion required for keratinocyte stratification result from changes in the expression of numerous adhesion molecules. Syndecan-1, a member of a family of cell-surface proteoglycans, is known to bind cells to interstitial matrix. Syndecan-1 localizes to specific layers of mouse epidermal keratinocytes; its expression is modest in the basal layer, heavy in the suprabasal layers, but absent from the most superficial, terminally differentiated layers. This layer-specific difference suggests that syndecan-1 expression changes with keratinocyte differentiation. To assess this hypothesis, syndecan-1 expression was evaluated before and after calcium-induced stratification and differentiation. Cells growing as an unstratified monolayer express a higher molecular mass form of syndecan-1 than do stratified cells (modal relative mass of 160 kD versus 110 kD). This structural difference is due to larger and more heparan sulfate chains on syndecan-1 from monolayer cells. In addition, the amount of cell-surface syndecan-1 changes with stratification; stratified cultures show approximately 2.5 times more syndecan-1 per cell than do unstratified cultures, but do not significantly change the level of syndecan-1 specific mRNA. Thus, the structure and amount of syndecan-1 may be regulated to meet the changing adhesive requirements of stratifying keratinocytes.

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