Spotlight
Leukemia (2003) 17, 2392–2400. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2403157 Published online 2 October 2003
Dynamics of BCR-ABL mRNA expression in first-line therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients with imatinib or interferon
/ara-C
M C Müller1, N Gattermann2, T Lahaye1, M W N Deininger3, A Berndt4, S Fruehauf5, A Neubauer6, T Fischer7, D K Hossfeld8, F Schneller9, S W Krause10, C Nerl11, H G Sayer12, O G Ottmann13, C Waller14, W Aulitzky15, P le Coutre16, M Freund17, K Merx1, P Paschka1, H König1, S Kreil1, U Berger1, H Gschaidmeier18, R Hehlmann1 and A Hochhaus1
- 1III. Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Fakultät für Klinische Medizin Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- 2Medizinische Klinik, Universität Düsseldorf, Germany
- 3Medizinische Klinik, Abteilung Hämatologie, Universität Leipzig, Germany
- 4Klinik für Innere Medizin, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- 5Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Universität Heidelberg, Germany
- 6Abteilung Hämatologie/Onkologie, Universität Marburg, Germany
- 7Medizinische Klinik III, Universität Mainz, Germany
- 8Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- 9III. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Technische Universität München, Germany
- 10Abteilung für Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Klinikum der Universität Regensburg, Germany
- 11I. Medizinische Klinik, Städtisches Krankenhaus München-Schwabing, Germany
- 12Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universität Jena, Germany
- 13III. Medizinische Klinik, Universität Frankfurt, Germany
- 14Medizinische Klinik I, Universität Freiburg, Germany
- 15Zentrum Innere Medizin II, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus Stuttgart, Germany
- 16Medizinische Klinik, Hämatologie/Onkologie, Virchow Campus Charité Berlin, Germany
- 17Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universität Rostock, Germany
- 18Novartis Pharma, Nürnberg, Germany
Correspondence: PD Dr med. Andreas Hochhaus, III. Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Fakultät für Klinische Medizin Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Wiesbadener Str. 7-11, 68305 Mannheim, Germany. Fax: +49-621-383-3833
Received 11 May 2003; Accepted 4 July 2003; Published online 2 October 2003.
Abstract
We sought to determine dynamics of BCR-ABL mRNA expression levels in 139 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in early chronic phase, randomized to receive imatinib (n=69) or interferon (IFN)/Ara-C (n=70). The response was sequentially monitored by cytogenetics from bone marrow metaphases (n=803) and qualitative and quantitative RT-PCR from peripheral blood samples (n=1117). Complete cytogenetic response (CCR) was achieved in 60 (imatinib, 87%) vs 10 patients (IFN/Ara-C, 14%) after a median observation time of 24 months. Within the first year after CCR, best median ratio BCR-ABL/ABL was 0.087%, (imatinib, n=48) vs 0.27% (IFN/Ara-C, n=9, P=0.025). BCR-ABL was undetectable in 25 cases by real-time PCR, but in only four patients by nested PCR. Median best response in patients with relapse after CCR was 0.24% (n=3) as compared to 0.029% in patients with continuous remission (n=52, P=0.029). We conclude that (i) treatment with imatinib in newly diagnosed CML patients is associated with a rapid decrease of BCR-ABL transcript levels; (ii) nested PCR may reveal residual BCR-ABL transcripts in samples that are negative by real-time PCR; (iii) BCR-ABL transcript levels parallel cytogenetic response, and (iv) imatinib is superior to IFN/Ara-C in terms of the speed and degree of molecular responses, but residual disease is rarely eliminated.
Keywords:
quantitative PCR, BCR-ABL, chronic myelogenous leukemia, imatinib, interferon alpha
