The standard assumption in thermodynamics that a sufficiently slow change of external parameters will generate no entropy turns out to be wrong for low-dimensional, gapless systems. Its breakdown may be tested with ultracold gases.
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Zwerger, W. Limited adiabaticity. Nature Phys 4, 444–446 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys979
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys979
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Quantum adiabatic cycles and their breakdown
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