1. Human Genome Sequencing Center, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, MS BCM226, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA <http://www.hgsc.bcm.tmc.edu>;
2. British Columbia Cancer Agency, Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, 600 W 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada <http://www.bcgsc.ca>;
3. Celera, 45 West Gude Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA;
4. Department of Genetics and the Center for Computational Genomics, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA;
5. DSM Pharmaceuticals Inc., 5900 NW Greenville Blvd, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA;
6. The Institute for Biological Energy Alternatives (IBEA), 1901 Research Blvd, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA;
7. Intronn, Inc., 910 Clopper Road, South Building, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA;
8. The Center for the Advancement of Genomics (TCAG), 1901 Research Blvd, Suite 600, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA;
9. Avalon Pharmaceuticals, 20358 SenecaMeadows Parkway, Germantown, Maryland 20876, USA;
10. Basic Immunology Branch, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, DHHS, 6610 Rockledge Blvd, Room 3005, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7612, USA;
11. DynPort Vaccine Company, LLC, 64 Thomas Jefferson Drive, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA;
12. Genome Therapeutics Corporation, 100 Beaver Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA;
13. Agencourt Bioscience Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA;
14. Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA;
15. NIH Intramural Sequencing Center (NISC) and Genome Technology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
16. BACPAC Resources, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 747 52nd Street, Oakland, California 94609, USA <http://bacpac.chori.org>;
17. Genome Sequencing Centre, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park Blvd, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA <http://genome.wustl.edu>;
18. The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Dr., Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA<http://www.tigr.org>;
19. Affymetrix, 6550 Vallejo St, Suite 100, Emeryville, California 94608, USA;
20. Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
21. EBI, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, UK;
22. EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany;
23. Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Experimental Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin 13125, Germany <http://www.mdc-berlin.de/ratgenome/>;
24. Fraunhofer-Chalmers Research Centre for Industrial Mathematics, Chalmers Science Park, S-412 88 Gothenburg, Sweden;
25. Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N., C3-168, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA <http://www.fhcrc.org/labs/trask/>;
26. Incyte Corporation, 3160 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA <http://www.incyte.com>;
27. Grup de Recerca en Informàtica Biomèdia, Institut Municipal d'Investigacio Medica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Programa de Bioinfomatica i Genomica, Centre de Regulacio Genomica, C/ Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
28. Computational Biology Group, The Institute for Systems Biology, 1441 North 34th Street, Seattle, Washington 98103, USA;
29. Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, California 94720, USA <http://www.lbl.gov>;
30. US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA <http://jgi.doe.gov>;
31. Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, Berlin 14195, Germany;
32. Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Bioinformatics Research Center, and Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA;
33. Rat Genome Database, Bioinformatics Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA;
34. MRC Functional Genetics Unit, University of Oxford, Department of Human Anatomy and Genetics, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
35. MWG-Biotech, Anzinger Strasse 7a, Ebersberg 85560, Germany;
36. Center for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Departments of Biology, Statistics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Computer Science and Engineering, and Health Evaluation Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;
37. Roche Genetics and Roche Center for Medical Genomics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070 Basel, Switzerland;
38. Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK;
39. Departments of Pathology and Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
40. S256 James H. Clark Center, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;
41. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA;
42. Centre de Recherches Mathématiques, Université de Montréal, 2920 Chemin de la tour, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J8, Canada <http://www.crm.umontreal.ca>;
43. Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncologia, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain <http://web.uniovi.es/degradome>;
44. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;
45. Department of Mathematics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;
46. Bioengineering Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;
47. University of California, San Diego, Department of Mathematics, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, California 92093-0112, USA <http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/groups/bioinformatics>;
48. University of California, San Diego, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, California 92093-0114, USA <http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/groups/bioinformatics>;
49. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, Mailstop SOE, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA;
50. UCSC Genome Bioinformatics Group, Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Mailstop SOE, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA;
51. Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK;
52. Department of Computer Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada;
53. Laboratory for Computational Genomics, Campus Box 1045, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA, <http://genes.cse.wustl.edu>;
54. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK;
55. The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsyvania 19104, USA;
56. US National Institutes of Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
57. US National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA;
58. Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA

Correspondence to: Richard A. Gibbs (Co-principal Investigator)¹ Email: agibbs@bcm.tmc.edu
The genomic sequence is available under accession numbers AABR03000000 to AABR03137910 in the international sequence databases (GenBank, DDBJ and EMBL).

Abstract

The laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) is an indispensable tool in experimental medicine and drug development, having made inestimable contributions to human health. We report here the genome sequence of the Brown Norway (BN) rat strain. The sequence represents a high-quality 'draft' covering over 90% of the genome. The BN rat sequence is the third complete mammalian genome to be deciphered, and three-way comparisons with the human and mouse genomes resolve details of mammalian evolution. This first comprehensive analysis includes genes and proteins and their relation to human disease, repeated sequences, comparative genome-wide studies of mammalian orthologous chromosomal regions and rearrangement breakpoints, reconstruction of ancestral karyotypes and the events leading to existing species, rates of variation, and lineage-specific and lineage-independent evolutionary events such as expansion of gene families, orthology relations and protein evolution.

MORE ARTICLES LIKE THIS

These links to content published by NPG are automatically generated.