Abstract
As traditional antidepressants act only after weeks/months, the discovery that ketamine, an antagonist of glutamate/N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, elicits antidepressant actions in hours has been transformative. Its mechanism of action has been elusive, though enhanced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is a major feature. We report a novel signaling pathway wherein NMDA receptor activation stimulates generation of nitric oxide (NO), which S-nitrosylates glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Nitrosylated GAPDH complexes with the ubiquitin-E3-ligase Siah1 and Rheb, a small G protein that activates mTOR. Siah1 degrades Rheb leading to reduced mTOR signaling, while ketamine, conversely, stabilizes Rheb that enhances mTOR signaling. Drugs selectively targeting components of this pathway may offer novel approaches to the treatment of depression.
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Acknowledgements
We thank L Hester, R Barrow, A Snowman, B Ziegler and A Carmichael for their assistance. We are also grateful for discussions with members of the SHS laboratory. This work was supported by US Public Health Service Grant DA00266.
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Harraz, M., Tyagi, R., Cortés, P. et al. Antidepressant action of ketamine via mTOR is mediated by inhibition of nitrergic Rheb degradation. Mol Psychiatry 21, 313–319 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2015.211
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2015.211
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