Abstract
Based on the essential involvement of NF-κB in immune and inflammatory responses and its apoptosis-rescue function in normal and malignant cells, inhibitors of this transcription factor are potential therapeutics for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, from bronchial asthma to cancer1,2. Yet, given the essential function of NF-κB in the embryonic liver3,4,5,6, it is important to determine its necessity in the liver beyond embryogenesis. NF-κB is normally retained in the cytoplasm by its inhibitor IκB, which is eliminated upon cell stimulation through phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitin degradation7. Here, we directed a degradation-resistant IκBα transgene to mouse hepatocytes in an inducible manner and showed substantial tissue specificity using various means, including a new method for live-animal imaging. Transgene expression resulted in obstruction of NF-κB activation, yet produced no signs of liver dysfunction, even when implemented over 15 months. However, the transgene-expressing mice were very vulnerable both to a severe immune challenge and to a systemic bacterial infection. Despite having intact immunocytes and inflammatory cells, these mice were unable to clear Listeria monocytogenes from the liver and succumbed to sepsis. These findings indicate the essential function of the hepatocyte through NF-κB activation in certain systemic infections, possibly by coordinating innate immunity in the liver.
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Acknowledgements
We thank E. Zeira for her help in the bioluminescence imaging; U. Bartenstein and A. Pinkhasov for help with the histopathology analysis; and A. Yaron, I. Alkalay and A. Mahler for comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by grants from the Israel Ministry of Science: Strategic Research in Biotechnology, the Israel Science Foundation funded by the Israel Academy for Sciences and Humanities-Centers of Excellence Program, the German-Israel Foundation for Scientific Research and Development, German-Israeli Program (DIP) and the Horvitz foundation.
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Lavon, I., Goldberg, I., Amit, S. et al. High susceptibility to bacterial infection, but no liver dysfunction, in mice compromised for hepatocyte NF-κB activation. Nat Med 6, 573–577 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/75057
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/75057
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