Nature 377, 704 - 707 (26 October 2002); doi:10.1038/377704a0

Formation of fold-and-thrust belts on Venus by thick-skinned deformation

M. T. Zuber^*† & E. M. Parmentier^‡

^*Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
^†Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139-4307, USA
^‡Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA

ON Venus, fold-and-thrust belts—which accommodate large-scale horizontal crustal convergence—are often located at the margins of kilometre-high plateaux^1–5. Such mountain belts, typically hundreds of kilometres long and tens to hundreds of kilometres wide, surround the Lakshmi Planum plateau in the Ishtar Terra highland (Fig. 1). In explaining the origin of fold-and-thrust belts, it is important to understand the relative importance of thick-skinned deformation of the whole lithosphere and thin-skinned, large-scale overthrusting of near-surface layers. Previous quantitative analyses of mountain belts on Venus have been restricted to thin-skinned models^6–8, but this style of deformation does not account for the pronounced topographic highs at the plateau edge. We propose that the long-wavelength topography of these venusian fold-and-thrust belts is more readily explained by horizontal shortening of a laterally heterogeneous lithosphere. In this thick-skinned model, deformation within the mechanically strong outer layer of Venus controls mountain building. Our results suggest that lateral variations in either the thermal or mechanical structure of the interior provide a mechanism for focusing deformation due to convergent, global-scale forces on Venus.

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