Abstract
Host innate responses to bacterial infections are primarily mediated by neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages1,2. These cells express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that bind conserved molecular structures shared by groups of microorganisms3,4. Stimulation of PRR signalling pathways initiates secretion of proinflammatory mediators3,4, which promote the elimination of infectious agents and the induction of tissue repair. Excessive inflammation owing to bacterial infections can lead to tissue damage and septic shock5,6,7,8,9. Here we show that inflammatory responses to microbial products are amplified by a pathway mediated by triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1. TREM-1 is an activating receptor expressed at high levels on neutrophils and monocytes that infiltrate human tissues infected with bacteria. Furthermore, it is upregulated on peritoneal neutrophils of patients with microbial sepsis and mice with experimental lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-induced shock. Notably, blockade of TREM-1 protects mice against LPS-induced shock, as well as microbial sepsis caused by live Escherichia coli or caecal ligation and puncture. These results demonstrate a critical function of TREM-1 in acute inflammatory responses to bacteria and implicate TREM-1 as a potential therapeutic target for septic shock.
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Acknowledgements
We thank R. Breitkreutz and A. Benner for statistical analysis; O. Alebardi and S. Festa for technical assistance in immunohistochemistry; N. Schmitz for advice during mouse experiments; M. Cella, R. Ettinger, F. McBlane, M. Kopf, F. Sinigaglia and R. Torres for reviewing the manuscript; and P. Krammer for discussion. This work was partly supported by a BIOMED-2 grant to F.F. The Basel Institute for Immunology was founded and is supported by F. Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4002 Basel.
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Bouchon, A., Facchetti, F., Weigand, M. et al. TREM-1 amplifies inflammation and is a crucial mediator of septic shock. Nature 410, 1103–1107 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/35074114
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/35074114
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