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Five Epidemiological Studies on Transport and Asthma: Objectives, design and descriptive results

Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology volume 12, pages 186–196 (2002)Cite this article

Abstract

A case–control study was conducted in five French metropolitan areas in order to assess the role of traffic-related air pollution in the occurrence of childhood asthma. This paper presents the study design and describes the distribution of key exposure variables. A set of 217 pairs of matched 4- to 14-year-old cases and controls were investigated (matching criteria: city, age, and gender). Current and past environmental smoke exposures, indoor allergens or air pollution sources, and personal and family atopy were assessed by standard questionnaires. When possible, direct measurements were done to check the validity of this information, on current data: skin prick tests, urine cotinine, house dust mites densities, personal exposures to, and home indoor concentrations of NOx and PM2.5. Cumulative exposure to traffic-related pollutants was estimated through two indices: “traffic density” refers to a time-weighted average of the traffic density-to-road distance ratio for all home and school addresses of each child's life; “air pollution” index combines lifelong time–activity patterns and ambient air concentration estimates of NOx, using an air dispersion model of traffic exhausts. Average current PM2.5 personal exposure is 23.8 μg/m3 (SD=17.4), and average indoor concentrations=22.5 μg/m3 (18.2); corresponding values for NO2 are 31.4 (13.9) and 36.1 (21.4) μg/m3. Average lifelong calculated exposures to traffic-related NOx emissions are 62.6 μg/m3 (43.1). The five cities show important contrasts of exposure to traffic pollutants. These data will allow comparison of lifelong exposures to indicators of traffic exhausts between cases and controls, including during early ages, while controlling for a host of known enhancers or precipitators of airway chronic inflammation and for possible confounders.

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Notes

  1. INRETS, Institut National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Sécurité (French National Institute for Transport and Safety Research).

  2. CSTB, Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (Housing Scientific and Technical Center).

  3. Ogawa and Company USA, Pompano Beach, FL. NO–NO2. Simultaneous sampling protocol using Ogawa sampler.

  4. Réseau National de surveillance Aérobiologique.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the French Research Program on air pollution (Primequal-Predit, coordinated by the Ministry of Environment). It also received funds from ADEME (French Environment and Energy Agency) and from local authorities in the study sites (Rhône-Alpes and Midi-Pyrénées Regions, metropolitan authorities of Grenoble and Toulouse). Ambient air quality data were provided by the local monitoring networks (ASCOPARG, ORAMIP, QUALITAIR 06, and AIRPARIF). Stephanie Gauvin received a doctoral grant by ADEME and Union Française des Industries Pétrolières (UFIP). Patrice Reungoat also received a doctoral grant from ADEME and INRETS. In each site, a network of private physicians contributes to enrollment of families into the study; although they cannot all be cited, their contribution was extremely valuable.

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Author notes

  1. D ZMIROU, S GAUVIN, I PIN, I MOMAS, J JUST, F SAHRAOUI, Y LE MOULLEC, F BRÉMONT, S CASSADOU, M ALBERTINI, N LAUVERGNE, M CHIRON and A LABBÉ: D ZMIROU: Denis Zmirou was with Grenoble University when the study took place.

  2. The other VESTA investigators are: Grenoble: F. Balducci. C. Brambilla, J. Dechenaux, A. Maitre, Ch. Pison, J. Quentin-Ferran; Paris: F. Callais, A. Grimfeld, F. Neukirch, P. Reungoat; Toulouse: M.-P. Polivé, H. Varale, P. de Castelnau; Nice: M. Bourrier; Clermont-Ferrand: B. Aublet-Cuvelier, Y. Glanddier, I. Petit; and Nantes: C Sacré.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Public Health Laboratory, School of Medicine, Nancy 1 University, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France

    D ZMIROU

  2. Division Santé et Bâtiment, CSTB, Observatoire de la Qualité de l'Air Intérieur, Paris, France

    S GAUVIN

  3. Department of Paediatrics, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France

    I PIN

  4. Public Health and Hygiene Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Paris 5 University, Paris, France

    I MOMAS

  5. Department of Paediatrics, Paris University Hospital of Trousseau, Paris, France

    J JUST & F SAHRAOUI

  6. Hygiene Laboratory of the City of Paris, Paris, France

    Y LE MOULLEC

  7. Department of Paediatrics, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France

    F BRÉMONT

  8. Regional Health Observatory of Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France

    S CASSADOU

  9. Department of Paediatrics, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France

    M ALBERTINI & N LAUVERGNE

  10. INRETS, The French National Institute for Transport and Safety Research, Lyon, France

    M CHIRON

  11. Department of Paediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    A LABBÉ

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ZMIROU, D., GAUVIN, S., PIN, I. et al. Five Epidemiological Studies on Transport and Asthma: Objectives, design and descriptive results. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 12, 186–196 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500217

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