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The complete DNA sequence of yeast chromosome III S. G. Oliver1, Q. J. M. van der Aart2, M. L. Agostoni-Carbone3, M. Aigle4, L. Alberghina5, D. Alexandraki6, G. Antoine7, R. Anwar1, J. P. G. Ballesta8, P. Benit7, G. Berben9, E. Bergantino10, N. Biteau4, P. A. Bolle9, M. Bolotin-Fukuhara11, A. Brown1, A. J. P. Brown12, J. M. Buhler13, C. Carcano3, G. Carignani10, H. Cederberg14, R. Chanet7, R. Contreras15, M. Crouzet4, B. Daignan-Fornier11, E. Defoor16, M. Delgado17, J. Demolder15, C. Doira11, E. Dubois18, B. Dujon19, A. Dusterhoft20, D. Erdmann20, M. Esteban17, F. Fabre7, C. Fairhead19, G. Faye7, H. Feldmann21, W. Fiers15, M. C. Francingues-Gaillard11, L. Franco8, L. Frontali22, H. Fukuhara7, L. J. Fuller23, P. Galland6, M. E. Gent1, D. Gigot18, V. Gilliquet9, N. Glansdorff18, A. Goffeau24,37, M. Grenson25, P. Grisanti22, L. A. Grivell26, M. de Haan26, M. Haasemann27, D. Hatat28, J. Hoenicka8, J. Hegemann20, C. J. Herbert29, F. Hilger9, S. Hohmann14, C. P. Hollenberg30, K. Huse14, F. Iborra11, K. J. Indje1, K. Isono31, C. Jacq28, M. Jacquet11, C. M. James1, J. C. Jauniaux25, Y. Jia29, A. Jimenez8, A. Kelly32, U. Kleinhans30, P Kreisl27, G Lanfranchi10, C Lewis23, C. G. vanderLinden33, G Lucchini3, K Lutzenkirchen30, M.J. Maat26, L. Mallet11, G. Mannhaupet21, E. Martegani5, A. Mathieu7, C. T. C. Maurer33, D. McConnell32, R. A. McKee23, F. Messenguy18, H. W. Mewes27, F. Molemans15, M. A. Montague32, M. Muzi Falconi3, L. Navas17, C. S. Newlon34, D. Noone32, C. Pallier11, L. Panzeri3, B. M. Pearson23, J. Perea28, P. Philippsen20, A. Pierard18, R. J. Planta33, P. Plevani3, B. Poetsch27, F. Pohl35, B. Purnelle24, M. Ramezani Rad30, S. W. Rasmussen36, A. Raynal11, M. Remacha8, P. Richterich35, A. B. Roberts12, F. Rodriguez5, E. Sanz8, I. Schaaff-Gerstenschlager14, B. Scherens18, B. Schweitzer20, Y. Shu28, J. Skala24, P. P. Slonimski29, F. Sor7, C. Soustelle11, R. Spiegelberg20, L. I. Stateva1, H. Y. Steensma2, S. Steiner20, A. Thierry19, G. Thireos6, M. Tzermia6, L. A. Urrestarazu25, G. Valle10, I. Vetter21, J. C. van
Vliet-Reedijk33, M. Voet16, G. Volckaert16, P. Vreken33, H. Wang32, J. R. Warmington1, D. von Wettstein36, B. L. Wicksteed12, C. Wilson22, H. Wurst35, G. Xu30, A. Yoshikawa31, F. K. Zimmermann14 & J. G. Sgouros27
1Manchester Biotechnology Centre,
UMIST, Manchester M60 1QD, UK;
2Department of Cell Biology
Genetics. Leiden University, The Netherlands;
3Dipartimento di
Genetica e di Biologia dei Microrganismi, Universita di Milano,
Italy;
4LBMS, F-33000 Bordeaux,
France;
5Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Biochimica, Universita di
Milano, Italy;
6lnstituto Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, PO
Box 1527, GR-71110 Heraklio,Crete;
7 lnstitut Curie, Centre
Universitaire, F-91405 Orsay, France;
8Centro de Biologia
Molecular, E-28049 Madrid, Spain;
9Faculté des Sciences
Agronomiques, B-5030 Gembloux. Belgium;
10Dipartimento di Chimica
Biologica. 1-35100 Padova, Italy;
11Institut de
Génétique et Microbiologie, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay,
France;
12Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of
Aberdeen, UK;
13Service de Biochimie CEN Saclay, F-91191.
France;
14Institut für Mikrobiologie, D-6100 Darmstadt,
Germany;
15Lab. voor Moleculaire Biologie, B-9000 Gent,
Belgium;
16Katholieke Universiteit Lab. voor Gentechnologie,
B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;
17La Cruz del Campo S.A., PO Box 53.
E-41080 Sevilla, Spain;
18Research Institute of CERIA-COOVI.
B-1070 Bruxelles, Belgium;
19Institut Pasteur, F-75724 Paris
Cedex 15, France;
20Institut für Mikrobiologie und
Molekularbiologie der Universität, 6300 Giessen,
Germany;
21Institut fur Physiologische Chemie. Universität
München, 8000 München, Germany;
22University of Rome.
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology. 1-00185 Roma,
Italy;
23AFRC Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park,
Colney NR4 7UA, UK;
24Unité de Biochimie Physiologique.
Université de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium;
25Université Libre de Bruxelles, Lab. Cell
Physiology and Yeast Genetics, B-1050 Bruxelles,
Belgium;
26University of Amsterdam, Section for Molecular
Biology, NL-1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
27Martinsried
Inst. for Protein Sequences, D-8033 Martinsried,
Germany;
28Génétique Moléculaire.
École Normale Superieure, F-75005 Paris, France;
29Centre
de Génétique Moleculaire du CNRS, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette.
France;
30Institut für Mikrobiologie der Universität
Dusseldorf, D-4000 Dusseldorf 1, Germany;
31Department of
Biology, Kobe University, Kobe 657. Japan;
32Trinity College,
Department of Genetics, Dublin 2, Ireland;
33Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Vrije Universiteit, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The
Netherlands;
34Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics,
New Jersey Medical School, NJ07103, USA;
35Fakultät für
Biologie der Universität, D-7750 Konstanz.
Germany;
36Carlsberg Lab., DK-2500 Copenhagen Valby,
Denmark;
37Commission of the European Communities. B-1049
Brussels, Belgium
The entire DNA sequence of chromosome III of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
has been determined. This is the first complete sequence analysis of an entire chromosome
from any organism. The 315-kilobase sequence reveals 182 open reading frames for proteins
longer than 100 amino acids, of which 37 correspond to known genes and 29 more show some
similarity to sequences in databases. Of 55 new open reading frames analysed by gene
disruption, three are essential genes; of 42 non-essential genes that were tested, 14 show
some discernible effect on phenotype and the remaining 28 have no overt function.
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