Review
Cell Research (2008) 18:1087–1095. doi: 10.1038/cr.2008.289; published online 30 September 2008
FXR: a metabolic regulator and cell protector
Yan-Dong Wang1, Wei-Dong Chen1, David D Moore2 and Wendong Huang1
- 1Department of Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- 2Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Correspondence: Wendong Huang, Tel: +1-626-256-4673 Ext 65203 E-mail: whuang@coh.org
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. As a metabolic regulator, FXR plays key roles in bile acid, cholesterol, lipid, and glucose metabolism. Therefore, FXR is a potential drug target for a number of metabolic disorders, especially those related to the metabolic syndrome. More recently, our group and others have extended the functions of FXR to more than metabolic regulation, which include anti-bacterial growth in intestine, liver regeneration, and hepatocarcinogenesis. These new findings suggest that FXR has much broader roles than previously thought, and also highlight FXR as a drug target for multiple diseases. This review summarizes the basic information of FXR but focuses on its new functions.
Keywords:
FXR, bile acid, metabolism, liver regeneration, hepatocarcinogenesis
Abbreviations:
BACS, (bile acid CoA synthetase); BAT, (bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acetyltransferase); BSEP, (bile salt export pump); IBABP, (intestinal bile acid binding protein); MRP2, (multidrug resistant-associated protein 2); OATP8, (organic anion transporting polypeptide 8); hOST
/hOST
, (human organic solute transporters /); SHP, (small heterodimer partner); STD, (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase); ASBT, (apical sodium-dependent bile acid cotransporter); CYP7A1, (cholesterol 7-hydroxylase); CYP8B1, (cytochrome P450 sterol 12-hydroxylase); MDR3, (multidrug resistance protein 3); PLTP, (phospholipid transfer protein); SDC1, (Syndecan-1); VLDLR, (the very low density lipoprotein receptor); ApoA-I, (apolipoprotein A-I); Apo CIII, (apolipoprotein CIII); PEPCK, (Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase); G6Pase, (glucose-6-phosphatas)
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