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rFliC prolongs allograft survival in association with the activation of recipient Tregs in a TLR5-dependent manner

Cellular & Molecular Immunology volume 11, pages 206–214 (2014)Cite this article

Abstract

Allorejection remains an obstacle for successful organ transplantation. Although different types of immunosuppressive agents are effective for controlling rejection and prolonging graft survival, drug treatment is limited because of side effects and toxicity. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to identify new candidate drugs for inducing allotolerance. Recently, it has been reported that bacterial flagellin induces the immunosuppressive activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in humans in vitro. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of recombinant flagellin (rFliC) on allograft survival and explored the underlying mechanisms associated with the activation of recipient Tregs in a murine skin allotransplantation model. The results showed that rFliC administration (3 mg/kg, once per day for 3 days, i.p.) prolonged allograft survival (mean survival time: 18.4±1.1 days) compared to the control group (10±0.7 days, P<0.01). Additionally, higher positive expression of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) was detected within the allograft administered with rFliC. The frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs; the expression of Treg-related factors TLR5, Foxp3, TGF-β1 and IL-10; and the proliferation and suppression of Tregs were increased following rFliC administration compared to the control. Moreover, the increased expression of tolerance-related molecules and the proliferation of Tregs induced by rFliC were attenuated by an anti-TLR5 blocking antibody both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, rFliC administration prolongs the survival of allografts, which is associated with the activation of recipient Tregs in a TLR5-dependent manner. rFliC may be a new candidate for anti-allorejection therapy.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81071172, G. Hou) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2010CM025, G. Hou).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Institute of Experimental Nuclear Medicine, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, 250012, China

    Jing Hao, Chao Zhang, Ting Liang, Jing Song & Guihua Hou

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Correspondence to Guihua Hou.

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Hao, J., Zhang, C., Liang, T. et al. rFliC prolongs allograft survival in association with the activation of recipient Tregs in a TLR5-dependent manner. Cell Mol Immunol 11, 206–214 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/cmi.2013.44

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