1. ¹Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Shogoin-Kawara-cho 54, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
2. ²Laboratory of Anatomic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Shogoin-Kawara-cho 54, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan

Correspondence: Dr F Tanaka, Japan. E-mail: ftanaka@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Received 14 January 2005; Revised 14 June 2005; Accepted 16 June 2005; Published online 26 July 2005.

Abstract

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are a potential predictor of the effectiveness of EGFR inhibitors for the treatment of lung cancer. Although EGFR mutations were reported to occur with high frequency in nonsmoking Japanese adenocarcinoma patients, the exact nature has not been fully elucidated. We examined EGFR gene mutations within exons 18–21 and their correlations to clinico-pathological factors and other genetic alterations in tumour specimens from 154 patients who underwent resection for lung cancer at Kyoto University Hospital. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations were observed in 60 tumours (39.0%), all of which were adenocarcinoma. Among the patients with adenocarcinoma (n=108), EGFR mutations were more frequently observed in nonsmokers than former smokers or current smokers (83.0, 50.0, 15.2%, respectively), in women than men (76.3 vs 34.0%), in tumours with bronchio-alveolar component than those without bronchio-alveolar component (78.9 vs 42.9%), and in well or moderately differentiated tumours than poorly differentiated tumours (72.0, 64.4, 34.2%). No tumours with EGFR mutations had any K-ras codon 12 mutations, which were well-known smoking-related gene mutations. In conclusion, adenocarcinomas with EGFR mutation had a distinctive clinico-pathological feature unrelated to smoking. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations may play a key role in the development of smoking-independent adenocarcinoma.