Practice abstract
British Dental Journal 204, 77 - 81 (2008)
Published online: 26 January 2008 | doi:10.1038/bdj.2008.4
Subject Category: Oral pathology
Ecstasy (MDMA) and oral health
H. S. Brand1, S. N. Dun2 & A. V. Nieuw Amerongen3
- Ecstasy has a high frequency of oral side effects.
- These oral effects are mainly related to xerostomia and jaw clenching.
- Recent use of ecstasy may interfere with dental treatment.
- Saliva can be used for non-invasive detection of ecstasy.
Abstract
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), more commonly known as 'ecstasy' or XTC, is frequently used by young adults in the major cities. Therefore, it is likely that dentists might be confronted with individuals who use ecstasy. This review describes systemic and oral effects of ecstasy. Life-threatening complications include hyperthermia, hyponatraemia and liver failure. In addition, psychotic episodes, depression, panic disorders and impulsive behaviour have been reported. Oral effects include xerostomia, bruxism, and an increased risk of developing dental erosion. Mucosal changes have also been reported. Recent use of ecstasy may interfere with dental treatment. Finally, the potential use of saliva for non-invasive detection of ecstasy is discussed.
- Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Section of Oral Biochemistry and Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Section of Oral Biochemistry
- Department of Dental Basic Sciences, Section of Oral Biochemistry
Correspondence to: H. S. Brand1
ACTA, Medical Faculty, room A-220, Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
e-mail: hs.brand@vumc.nl
