Abstract
This is a review on norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin with regard to their action following spinal cord injuries which reveals the controversies on this subject.
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
Bingham, W G, Ruffolo, R & Friedman, S J (1975). Catecholamine levels in the injured spinal cord of monkeys. Journal of Neurosurgery, 42, 174–178.
Brodner, R A, Dohrmann, G J & Roth, R H (1977). Intra-medullary serotonin patterns following experimental spinal cord trauma. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 44, 213–217.
Brodner, R A, Dohrmann, G J, Roth, R H & Rubin, R A (1975). Cerebrospinal fluid and spinal cord serotonin: Correlation with intramedullary blood flow patterns in experimental spinal cord trauma. Presented at the European Congress of Neurosurgery, Oxford, England, September, 1975.
Brodner, R A, Dohrmann, G J, Roth, R H & Rubin, R A (1976). Elevation of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the cerebrospinal fluid following experimental spinal cord injury. Brain Research, 118, 348–351.
Brodner, R A & Roth, R H (1977). Effect of parachlorophenylalanine on blood flow in the traumatized cut spinal cord. Presented at the Society for Neuroscience, Anaheim, November, 1977.
Brodner, R A, Van Gilder, J C, Collins, W F & Hamill, B (1976). Experimental spinal cord trauma: The efficacy of treatment. Presented at the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, San Francisco, April, 1976.
De La Torre, J C, Johnson, C M, Harris, L H, Kajihara, K & Mullan, S (1974). Monoamine changes in experimental head and spinal cord trauma: Failure to confirm previous observations. Surgical Neurology, 2, 5–11.
Dohrmann, G J (1972). Experimental spinal cord trauma. A historical review. Archives of Neurology, 27, 468–473.
Dohrmann, G J & Panjabi, M M (1976). Relationship of spinal cord deformation velocity, impulse and energy to lesion volume in ‘standardized’ spinal cord trauma. Surgical Forum, 27, 466–468.
Hedeman, L S, Shellenberger, M K, Gordon, J H & Sil, R (1974). Studies in experimental spinal cord trauma. Part 1: Alterations in catecholamine levels. Part 2: Comparison of treatment with steroids, low molecular weight dextran, and catecholamine blockade. Journal of Neurosurgery, 40, 37–51.
Howitt, W M & Turnbull, I M (1972). Effects of hypothermia and methysergide on recovery from experimental paraplegia. Canadian Journal of Surgery, 15, 179–186.
Misra, S S, Singh, K S & Bhargava, K P (1967). Estimation of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT) level in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with intracranial or spinal lesions. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 30, 163–165.
Naftchi, N E, Demeny, M, Decrescito, V, Tomasula, J J, Flamm, E S & Campbell, J B (1974). Biogenic amine concentrations in traumatized spinal cords of cats. Effect of drug therapy. Journal of Neurosurgery, 40, 52–57.
Němeček, S, Petr, R, Rozsival, V, Suba, P & Melka, D (1975). Effects of drug therapy on experimental spinal cord trauma. Proceedings of the Internation Congress of Neuropathology. Excerpta Medica, pp. 659–662.
Osterholm, J L (1974). The pathophysiological response to spinal cord injury. The current status of related research. Journal of Neurosurgery, 40, 3–33.
Osterholm, J L, Bell, J, Meyer, R & Pyenson, J (1969). Experimental effects of free serotonin on the brain and its relation to brain injury. Part 1: The neurological consequences of intracerebral serotonin injections. Part 2: Trauma-induced alterations in spinal fluid and brain. Part 3: Serotonin-induced cerebral edema. Journal of Neurosurgery, 31, 408–421.
Osterholm, J L & Mathews, G J (1972). Altered norepinephrine metabolism following experimental spinal cord injury. Part 1: Relationship to hemorrhagic necrosis and post-wounding neurological deficits. Part 2: Protection against traumatic spinal cord hemorrhagic necrosis by norepinephrine synthesis blockade with alpha methyl tyrosine. Journal of Neurosurgery, 36, 386–401.
Osterholm, J L, Mathews, G J, Irvin, J D & Calisnick, B (1973). Antinorepine- phrine therapy against traumatic hemorrhagic necrosis of the spinal cord: Preliminary report. Clinical Neurosurgery, 20, 382–399.
Rawe, S E, Roth, R H, D'Angelo, C M, Biber, M C & Collins, W F (1974). Norepinephrine levels in experimental spinal cord trauma. Presented at the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, Saint Louis, April, 1974.
Schoultz, T W, Deluca, D C & Reding, D L (1976). Norepinephrine levels in traumatized spinal cord of catecholamine-depleted cats. Brain Research, 109, 367–374.
Tsubokawa, T, Nakamura, S, Hayashi, N, Taguma, N, Sugawara, T, Coto, T & Moriyasu, N (1975). The circulatory disturbance of spinal cord injury and its response to local cooling therapy. Neurologia Medico-chirurgica, 15, 87–93.
Yeo, J D, Payne, W & Hinwood, B (1975). The experimental contusion injury of the spinal cord in sheep. Paraplegia, 12, 275–296.
Zivin, J A, Doppman, J L, Reid, J L, Tappaz, M L, Saavedra, J M, Kopin, I J & Jacobowitz, D M (1976). Biochemical and histochemical studies of biogenic amines in spinal cord trauma. Neurology, 26, 99–107.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Supported in part by Grant NS 10174 from the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Brodner, R., Dohrmann, G. Norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in experimental spinal cord trauma: current status. Spinal Cord 15, 166–171 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.1977.22
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.1977.22