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Unexpected mode of engagement between enterovirus 71 and its receptor SCARB2

Nature Microbiology volume 4, pages 414–419 (2019)Cite this article

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Abstract

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a common cause of hand, foot and mouth disease—a disease endemic especially in the Asia-Pacific region1. Scavenger receptor class B member 2 (SCARB2) is the major receptor of EV71, as well as several other enteroviruses responsible for hand, foot and mouth disease, and plays a key role in cell entry2. The isolated structures of EV71 and SCARB2 are known3,4,5,6, but how they interact to initiate infection is not. Here, we report the EV71–SCARB2 complex structure determined at 3.4 Å resolution using cryo-electron microscopy. This reveals that SCARB2 binds EV71 on the southern rim of the canyon, rather than across the canyon, as predicted3,7,8. Helices 152–163 (α5) and 183–193 (α7) of SCARB2 and the viral protein 1 (VP1) GH and VP2 EF loops of EV71 dominate the interaction, suggesting an allosteric mechanism by which receptor binding might facilitate the low-pH uncoating of the virus in the endosome/lysosome. Remarkably, many residues within the binding footprint are not conserved across SCARB2-dependent enteroviruses; however, a conserved proline and glycine seem to be key residues. Thus, although the virus maintains antigenic variability even within the receptor-binding footprint, the identification of binding ‘hot spots’ may facilitate the design of receptor mimic therapeutics less likely to quickly generate resistance.

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Fig. 1: Phylogeny and the quality of the EV71–SCARB2 EM structure.
Fig. 2: Complex formation of EV71 and SCARB2.
Fig. 3: Details of EV71 and SCARB2 interactions.
Fig. 4: Epitopes of neutralizing antibodies and mechanism of uncoating.

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Data availability

The structure of the EV71-SCARB2 complex is available from the PDB (accession code 6I2K). The map is available from Electron Microscopy Data Bank (accession code EMD-0332).

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Acknowledgements

D.Z. is supported by a China Scholarship Council/University of Oxford scholarship. J.T.K. is supported by a Sanofi Pasteur studentship. J.R. is supported by the Wellcome Trust (101122/Z/13/Z). D.I.S. and E.E.F. are supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MR/N00065X/1). This is a contribution from the UK Instruct-ERIC Centre. The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics is supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant 090532/Z/09/Z).

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Daming Zhou, Yuguang Zhao.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Daming Zhou, Yuguang Zhao, Abhay Kotecha, Elizabeth E. Fry, Jingshan Ren & David I. Stuart

  2. Materials and Structural Analysis, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Eindhoven, the Netherlands

    Abhay Kotecha

  3. School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

    James T. Kelly & David J. Rowlands

  4. The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, UK

    James T. Kelly

  5. National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China

    Xiangxi Wang & Zihe Rao

  6. Diamond Light Source, Didcot, UK

    David I. Stuart

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Contributions

D.Z. and A.K. performed the experiments. D.Z., J.R. and D.I.S. analysed the results and, together with E.E.F. and Y.Z., wrote the manuscript. All authors read and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jingshan Ren or David I. Stuart.

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Zhou, D., Zhao, Y., Kotecha, A. et al. Unexpected mode of engagement between enterovirus 71 and its receptor SCARB2. Nat Microbiol 4, 414–419 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-018-0319-z

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