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Body composition, energy expenditure and physical activity

Estimated skeletal muscle mass and density values measured on computed tomography examinations in over 1000 living kidney donors

Abstract

Background/Objectives

Currently, there are no widely accepted cut-off points to categorize patients as sarcopenic (low skeletal muscle mass) or myosteatotic based on computed tomography (CT) measurements. Moreover, little is known about skeletal muscle mass in healthy subjects, particularly in a Western-European population.

Subjects/Methods

Skeletal muscle mass (skeletal muscle index, cm2/m2) and density (Hounsfield units, HU) at the level of the third lumbar vertebra were measured on contrast-enhanced CT images in live kidney donors with an age range of 18–86 years, who may be considered as healthy subjects, from 2010 to 2015. Differences between sex, body mass index (BMI), age groups, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification were assessed. Mann−Whitney U and Kruskal−Wallis tests were used to compare groups.

Results

Of the 1073 included patients, 499 (46.5%) were male and the median age and BMI were 51 years and 25.4 kg/m2, respectively. Male gender, increased age, and increased BMI were significantly associated with both skeletal muscle mass and density. Nomograms including these parameters were developed to calculate the estimated skeletal muscle mass and density of a healthy subject and the lower bound of the 90% prediction interval (p5) values were provided.

Conclusions

Skeletal muscle density and mass were significantly associated with sex, age, and BMI in a large cohort of healthy Western-European subjects. The newly developed nomograms may be used to calculate the estimated healthy skeletal muscle mass for individuals in patient populations.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Marcel Koek and Wiro Niessen from the Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center (Rotterdam, Netherlands), for the software to perform skeletal muscle mass measurements, Laurens Groenendijk and Ivo Cornelissen from the Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center (Rotterdam, Netherlands) and Barbara Janssen from the Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Center (Nijmegen, Netherlands) for collecting the CT examinations.

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Correspondence to Jeroen L. A. van Vugt.

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van Vugt, J.L.A., van Putten, Y., van der Kall, I.M. et al. Estimated skeletal muscle mass and density values measured on computed tomography examinations in over 1000 living kidney donors. Eur J Clin Nutr 73, 879–886 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0287-7

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