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Prevalence of DNA repair gene mutations in localized prostate cancer according to clinical and pathologic features: association of Gleason score and tumor stage

Abstract

Background

DNA repair gene mutations are present in 8–10% of localized prostate cancers. It is unknown whether this is influenced by clinicopathologic factors.

Methods

We interrogated localized prostate adenocarcinomas with tumor DNA sequencing information from the TCGA validated (n = 333) and Nature Genetics (n = 377) datasets. Homologous recombination repair genes included in our analysis were: ATM, BRCA1/2, CDK12, CHEK1/2, FANCA, FANCD2, FANCL, GEN1, NBN, PALB2, RAD51, and RAD51C. Proportions of cases with pathogenic DNA repair mutations (and in ATM/BRCA1/2 specifically) were reported by Gleason grade group, clinical T, pathologic T, and pathologic N stage. Odds ratios and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare proportions between categories.

Results

Patients with Gleason grade groups 3 and higher were 2.2 times more likely to harbor any DNA repair mutation (95% CI: 1.2–4.2; 10.3% versus 5.0%) and were 2.7 times more likely to have BRCA1/2 or ATM mutations (95% CI: 1.3–6.6; 7.0% versus 2.7%) compared to those in Gleason grade groups 1–2. Patients with pathologic T3 and T4 stage (pT3/pT4) were 2.6 times more likely to have any DNA repair mutation (95% CI: 1.3–6.6; 13.0% versus 5.5%) and were 3.2 times more likely to have BRCA1/2 or ATM mutations (95% CI: 1.2–11.3; 9.5% versus 3.1%) compared to those with pT2 disease. There was no difference by clinical tumor or nodal stage. Among men with Gleason grade group ≥ 3 and clinical stage ≥ cT3, 21.3% (1 in 5) had a DNA repair mutation in any gene and 11.7% (1 in 9) had a mutation in ATM/BRCA1/2.

Conclusions

The prevalence of pathogenic DNA repair gene alterations is enriched in men with advanced tumor stages and higher Gleason grade groups, with maximal enrichment observed in those with Gleason grade group ≥ 3 and clinical stage ≥ cT3 disease. This information can be used to guide eligibility criteria for genomically targeted clinical trials in the neoadjuvant/adjuvant settings.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by National Institutes of Health Grant P30 CA006973 (ESA) and Department of Defense grant W81XWH-16-PCRP-CCRSA (ESA).

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Correspondence to Emmanuel S. Antonarakis.

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Conflict of interest

Emmanuel S. Antonarakis is a paid consultant/advisor to Janssen, Astellas, Sanofi, Medivation, ESSA, AstraZeneca, Clovis and Merck; he has received research funding to his institution from Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Sanofi, Genentech, Novartis, Tokai, Bristol Myers-Squibb, AstraZeneca, Clovis and Merck; and he is the co-inventor of a biomarker technology that has been licensed to Tokai and Qiagen. Catherine Handy Marshall received research support through the Conquer Cancer Foundation/Bristol Meyers Squibb. The remaining authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Marshall, C.H., Fu, W., Wang, H. et al. Prevalence of DNA repair gene mutations in localized prostate cancer according to clinical and pathologic features: association of Gleason score and tumor stage. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 22, 59–65 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-018-0086-1

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