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Association of long-term sleep habits and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in Chinese adults

Journal of Human Hypertension volume 34, pages 378–387 (2020)Cite this article

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Abstract

Poor sleep has been associated with risk of hypertension, but previous studies were limited by treating one or two sleep factors as predictor. Our previous study has developed a sleep factor questionnaire (SFQ) to comprehensively assess wide range of sleep characteristics including sleep duration, sleep quality, light at night (LAN) exposure, night/shift work, daytime napping, and frequency of nighttime waking, insomnia, and snoring. In this cross-sectional study we used the SFQ to evaluated the associations between these sleep domains and hypertension. Comparing with the subjects who slept 7–8 h, subjects with sleep duration 6–7 h (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.00), 8–9 h (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.40), and over 9 h (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.60, 3.58) had an increased prevalence of hypertension. The associations were significant among individuals under 45 years sleeping 6–7 h and those over 45 years sleeping over 8 h. The OR of prevalent hypertension was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.97) for habitual daytime napping compared with never napping, and the association was also significant among individuals over 45 years old. Moreover, among subjects with sleep duration 7–8 h, habitual daytime napping may decrease prevalent hypertension (OR = 0.635, 95% CI: 0.437, 0.924). In conclusion, our data suggested a positive association between both short (6–7 h) and long sleep duration and hypertension, and a preventive pattern for habitual daytime napping among over 45 years old and hypertension. Moreover, interaction analysis indicated that habitual midday nap may decrease prevalent hypertension among subjects with sleep duration 7–8 h.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the participants in this study and all the investigator of JSHS for their support and assistance.

Funding

Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant numbers 81560553 and 81460514), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province, China (Grant numbers 20151BAB205065 and 20142BAB205017).

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Hao Zhao, Wei Gui

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health, and Department of Reproductive Endocrinology of Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China

    Hao Zhao & Guangdi Chen

  2. Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, School of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China

    Hao Zhao, Yue Liu, Hui Ding, Wenyan Fan, Shaoxin Huang & Xin Wang

  3. Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China

    Wei Gui & Hongjuan Huang

  4. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China

    Wanshui Yang

  5. Program in Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, School of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China

    Wanshui Yang

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  1. Hao Zhao
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Correspondence to Wanshui Yang, Xin Wang or Guangdi Chen.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethics

Participants in the study were informed and signed consent to be included in the study. Then, trained investigators administered a face-to-face interview to obtain information through structure questionnaire. This study was approved by the ethical committee of school of basic medicine of the Jiujiang University. All data analyses were subjected to ethical rules.

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Zhao, H., Gui, W., Huang, H. et al. Association of long-term sleep habits and hypertension: a cross-sectional study in Chinese adults. J Hum Hypertens 34, 378–387 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-019-0225-8

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