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Frequency of early vascular aging and associated risk factors among an adult population in Latin America: the OPTIMO study

Journal of Human Hypertension volume 32, pages 219–227 (2018)Cite this article

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Abstract

The main objective was to estimate the frequency of early vascular aging (EVA) in a sample of subjects from Latin America, with emphasis in young adults. We included 1416 subjects from 12 countries in Latin America who provided information about lifestyle, cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), and anthropometrics. We measured pulse wave velocity (PWV) as a marker of arterial stiffness, and blood pressure (BP) using an oscillometric device (Mobil-O-Graph). To determine the frequency of EVA, we used multiple linear regression to estimate each subject’s PWV expected for his/her age and systolic BP, and compared with observed values to obtain standardized residuals (z-scores). We defined EVA when z-score was ≥1.96. Finally, a multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine baseline characteristics associated with EVA. Mean age was 49.9 ± 15.5 years, male gender was 50.3%. Mean PWV was 7.52 m/s (SD 1.97), mean systolic BP was 125.3 mmHg (SD 16.7) and mean diastolic BP was 78.9 mmHg (SD 12.2). The frequency of EVA was 5.7% in the total population, 9.8% in adults of 40 years or less and 18.7% in those 30 years or less. In these young adults, multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated that dyslipidemia and hypertension showed an independent association with EVA, and smoking a borderline association (p  =  0.07). In conclusion, the frequency of EVA in a sample from Latin America was around 6%, with higher rates in young adults. These results would support the search of CVRF and EVA during early adulthood.

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Acknowledgements

Investigators: (1) Argentina: Ana Di Leva, Martín Koretzky, Pedro Forcada, Gabriel Waisman, Laura Brandani, Gabriela Fischer Sohn, Ezequiel Huguet, Mariana Haehnel, Patricia Carrizo, Patricia Pardini, Gustavo Maccallini; (2) Brazil: Marco Mota, Nelson Dinamarco, Martin Vilela; (3) Chile: Enrique Lorca; (4) Colombia: Jannes Buelvas, Gabriel Robledo Káiser; (5) Costa Rica: Francisco Rivera Valvidia; (6) El Salvador: Freddis E. Molina, Jaime Ventura, José A. Velasquez; (7) Guatemala: Laura Voguel, Julio Arriola; (8) Honduras: Gerardo Sosa, Dora Arévalo, Jaqueline Gonzalez, Mauricio Varela, Marcelino Abadie, José R.Vasquez; (9) Mexico: Ernesto Cardonna Muñoz; (10) Nicaragua: José D. Meneses, José A. Montiel; (11) Panama: José L. Donato; (12) Republica Dominicana: Nelson Baez, Luis Ney Novas, Solange R. Ureña.

Funding

OPTIMO study was basically a research program performed with the collaboration of the aforementioned investigators who received no honoraria for their participation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Hypertension and Vascular Aging, Cardiology Institute and Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Fernando Botto, Sebastian Obregon & Carol Kotliar

  2. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Fernando Rubinstein

  3. San Raffaele Pisana - Istituto Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy

    Angelo Scuteri

  4. Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

    Peter M. Nilsson

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  1. Fernando Botto
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Correspondence to Fernando Botto.

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Botto, F., Obregon, S., Rubinstein, F. et al. Frequency of early vascular aging and associated risk factors among an adult population in Latin America: the OPTIMO study. J Hum Hypertens 32, 219–227 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-018-0038-1

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